Grafting of Zwitterion from Cellulose Membranes via ATRP for Improving Blood Compatibility

Abstract

A p-vinylbenzyl sulfobetaine was grafted from cellulose membrane (CM) using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for blood compatibility improvement. Surface structure, wettability, morphology, and thermal stability of the CM substrates before and after modification were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, water contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results showed that zwitterionic brushes were successfully fabricated on the CM surfaces, and the content of the grafted layer increased gradually with the polymerization time. The blood compatibility of the CM substrates was evaluated by protein adsorption tests and platelet adhesion tests in vitro. It was found that all the CMs functionalized with zwitterionic brush showed improved resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption and platelet adhesion, even though the grafting polymerization was conducted for several minutes.

Structures and Synthesis of Zwitterionic Polymers

“…RDRP techniques offer direct access to polymers bearing zwitterionic groups with previously unthinkable features, such as predefined molar masses and narrow molar mass distributions [163,[182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189] as well as well-defined functional end groups [61,166,182,[190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208]. Moreover, complex architectures, such as block copolymers [14,[46][47][48]166,167,169,173,187,, graft copolymers [164,213,237,[241][242][243][244]…”

Biomimetic adsorption of zwitterionic–xyloglucan block copolymers to CNF: towards tailored super-absorbing cellulose materials

“…31 Several publications report the covalent graing of cellulosic substrates with zwitterionic polymers, most commonly PSBMA, to give hemocompatibility, [32][33][34] applications in sensors 35 and membranes, 36 and generally impart anti-biofouling properties. 37,38 However, all of these reports use polymerisation techniques which require organic solvents, inert atmospheres and the subsequent removal of the catalyst, therefore, it is desirable to nd methods that can be performed under benign aqueous conditions.…”

Tailor-made functional surfaces based on cellulose-derived materials

“…3a) . The introduction of zwitterionic brushes, such as poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium (polySBMA) or poly(p-vinylbenzyl sulfobetaine) (Liu et al 2009) significantly reduced the non-specific adsorption of proteins, platelet adhesion, and cell attachment Yuan et al 2013). By adding poly (2 -methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-co-n-butyl methacrylate (BMA)) during the formation of membranes of cellulose acetates, improved anti-fouling properties and hemocompatibility allowed the membranes to be used for blood purification (Ye et al 2003;Ye et al 2005).…”