Grain-Based Dietary Background Impairs Restoration of Blood Flow and Skeletal Muscle During Hindlimb Ischemia in Comparison With Low-Fat and High-Fat Diets

Abstract

Background: Among vascular pathologies associated with obesity, peripheral artery disease (PAD) occupies the important position. In clinical practice, nutritional interventions are recommended for patients with PAD. In this work, we investigated how the different dietary backgrounds affect the regeneration rate of ischemic hindlimb in mice.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were housed on three types of diet: low-fat (LFD), high-fat (HFD), and grain-based diet (GBD) for 13 weeks. Metabolic parameters including FBG level, ITT, and GTT were evaluated. The blood flow was assessed by laser Doppler scanning on 7, 14, and 21 days after hindlimb ischemia. Necrotic area of m.tibialis, macrophage infiltration, and angiogenesis/arteriogenesis were evaluated by histology. Glucose uptake in recovered skeletal muscle was analyzed using [3H]-2-deoxyglucose, and GLUT1 and GLUT4 expression were assessed by Western blotting.Results: In our work, we developed three experimental groups with different metabolic parameters: LFD with normal glucose metabolism, GBD with mild hyperglycemia, and HFD with impaired glucose tolerance. GBD-fed mice had a tendency to increase necrosis of m. tibialis and significantly higher macrophage infiltration than LFD and HFD groups. Moreover, GBD-fed mice had a trend to decreased blood flow recovery and significantly impaired arteriogenesis. Recovered skeletal muscle of GBD-fed mice had lower glucose uptake and decreased level of GLUT4 expression.Conclusion: Thus, we conclude that dietary background and metabolic status determine the rate of post-ischemic regeneration including angiogenesis, skeletal muscle recovery and metabolic activity. The most effective regeneration is supported by LFD, while the lowest rate of regeneration occurs on GBD.

Association of prognostic nutritional index with the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: NHANES 1999–2018

“…Further analysis conducted within specific subgroups further strengthens the validity and reliability of these findings. Previous studies have highlighted that malnutrition is linked to an increased risk of CVD and death 15–17. Initially used as a nutritional indicator to predict postoperative morbidity and mortality,18 PNI has been used to measure nutritional status.…”

“…Previous studies have highlighted that malnutrition Clinical care/Education/Nutrition is linked to an increased risk of CVD and death. [15][16][17] Initially used as a nutritional indicator to predict postoperative morbidity and mortality, 18 PNI has been used to measure nutritional status. Due to the complexity of earlier PNIs in clinical practice, Onodera's calculation method, based on peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and serum ALB levels, became simpler.…”

The Efficacy of HGF/VEGF Gene Therapy for Limb Ischemia in Mice with Impaired Glucose Tolerance: Shift from Angiogenesis to Axonal Growth and Oxidative Potential in Skeletal Muscle

“…The latter is a more clinically relevant model although it may take substantial time (8 to 36 weeks) to significantly alter body weight, insulin sensitivity and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level to mimic the corresponding disorder [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. We used a diet-based mouse model of glucose tolerance impairment described and adopted in published studies [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] and investigated its impact on HGF/VEGF efficacy in mice with hindlimb ischemia to gain insight into systemic metabolic changes and skeletal muscle bioenergetics. Previously our group has demonstrated that HGF/VEGF induced angiogenesis in non-diabetic mice consuming standard grain-based chow [ 8 ].…”