Grain-boundary diffusion and boundary widths in metals and ceramics

Mistler, R. E.; Coble, R. L.

doi:10.1063/1.1663451

Cited by 104 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Therefore, we infer that these 20 ± 3 nm correspond to the effective grain boundary width δ. This is in agreement with the calculated width of 10-30 nm by (Mistler and Coble 1974) and with the recent observation of strain fields at dislocation cores (and therefore defects) that lead to chemical alteration and local diffusion (Arredondo et al 2010).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The importance of quantifying the effective grain boundary width is further documented in numerous studies encompassing various topics, including grain growth (Fan et al 1997;Joesten and Fisher 1988;Moelans et al 2008), deformation in shear zones, grain boundary sliding (Padmanabhan and Basariya 2009), grain boundary electrical conductivity (Avila-Paredes et al 2009), melting (Fensin et al 2010;Mellenthin et al 2008), segregation processes during sintering (Kaneko et al 2000;Kuwano et al 1992;Sato et al 2009Sato et al , 2007, intergranular failure (Valiev et al 2007), and diffusion (Farver and Yund 1991;Mistler and Coble 1974). For all its importance, the effective grain boundary width is far from understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This complicates not only the determination of δ, but also adds considerable uncertainty to the derived diffusion coefficient (Coble 1961;Turnbull 1951). Estimates for δ range from 0.04 nm in pure metals such as Ag and Ni, to 10-30 nm in oxides such as Al 2 O 3 and BeO, to 1-2 µm in alkali halides and MgO (Mistler and Coble 1974). Based on the huge variation in δ, even with respect to oxides, it is clear that there is a lack of understanding in the effective grain boundary width.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Diffusion in yttrium aluminium garnet at the nanometer-scale: Insight into the effective grain boundary width

Marquardt¹,

Ramasse²,

Kisielowski³

et al. 2011

American Mineralogist

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Atomic diffusion along grain boundaries in solids is a key process in many geological environments and in ceramics research. It is closely related to the grain boundary width, which is an important parameter in numerous equations describing diffusional or rheological processes, including plastic deformation of polycrystals, intergranular failure, and recrystallization. Here, we studied diffusion along a single well-characterized, near Σ5 grain boundary in yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) using different transmission electron microscopy methods at atomic resolution. For the diffusion experiment, YAG thin-films containing Yb as diffusant were deposited perpendicular to the grain boundary on the bicrystal. We investigated the grain boundary using a focal series in combination with multislice calculations that yield the electron exit wave. This, coupled with chemically sensitive Z-contrast images, as well as the Yb distribution over the grain boundary measured using electron energy loss spectroscopy, show the zone of enhanced Yb diffusion parallel to the grain boundary. This zone of enhanced diffusion is often considered as the effective grain boundary width.Profiles from the boundary into the crystal volume suggest a highly permeable zone of about 18 nm, which we assume to be the effective grain boundary width for diffusional processes. The effective width strongly differs from the structural grain boundary width of about 2 nm in the present study. Furthermore, it is much shorter compared to the calculated volume diffusion profile. We conclude that the combination of small samples and transmission electron microscopy at atomic resolution are excellent tools to study varying processes, such as diffusion, deformation, or reactions at the atomic scale.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Diffusion in yttrium aluminium garnet at the nanometer-scale: Insight into the effective grain boundary width

Marquardt¹,

Ramasse²,

Kisielowski³

et al. 2011

American Mineralogist

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“…Grain boundaries (GBs) have a significant influence on important sintering processes such as densification [1], grain growth [2], creep [3][4][5], segregation [6,7], diffusion [8], as well as on electrical [9], mechanical [10], superconducting [11][12][13] and optical [14] properties. The importance of GBs on the overall properties of ceramics depends on several factors, including the density of GBs in the material, the chemical composition of the interface and the crystallographic texture, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CSL grain boundary distribution in alumina and zirconia ceramics

Vonlanthen

Grobéty

2008

Ceramics International

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The distributions of general and coincidence site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries (GBs) in texture-free alumina and zirconia ceramics sintered at two different temperatures were investigated based on electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements. Results were compared with the distributions obtained from random 2D spatial models and with calculated random distributions reported in the literature. All alumina samples independent on sintering temperature show the same characteristic deviations of the measured general GB distributions from the random model. No such features can be seen in zirconia. The total fractions of CSL GBs in alumina and zirconia samples are clearly larger, for both sintering temperatures, than those observed in the random simulations. A general GB prominence factor, similar to the twin prominence factor for fcc metals, was defined to simplify the representation of the CSL GB content in zirconia. The observed deviations from the random model show no dependence on sintering temperature nor on lattice geometry. In alumina, however, the change in the CSL GB character distribution with sintering temperature seems to be crystallographically controlled, i.e. directly dependent on the orientation of the CSL misorientation axis.

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“…In general, the data in the literature regarding diffusion along dislocations are rather scarce. However, transport phenomena in dislocations (single crystals) and in grain (Lagrange et al 1984(Lagrange et al , 1987; O-a Kingery 1960, recalculated by Mistler andCoble 1974);and O-b (Wang and Kroger 1980). Badrour et al (1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Diffusion in Alumina Single Crystals

Pelleg

2015

Diffusion in Ceramics

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Alumina one of the oxide ceramics is the most cost effective and widely used material. With an excellent combination of properties and attractive price alumina has a wide range of application. It is available in purity ranges of 94-99.8 % and usable for critical high temperature application. Alumina exhibits strong ionic interatomic bonding giving rise for its excellent properties such as high hardness, high melting point and its wear resistance. The chemical inertness is of particular interest at high temperature. The measuring and understanding of self-diffusion and other diffusion phenomena, which control many properties, such as sintering, grain growth, creep and most solid-state reactions, have been matters of interest for the successful operation of alumina. The composition of the ceramic body can be changed to enhance particular desirable material characteristics thus for example improving hardness (strength properties) and change color, which is achieved by adding various solutes. Therefore a knowledge of solute diffusion is also essential to understand and maintain the desired property on exposure to high temperature. Since diffusion controlled reactions in grain boundaries and dislocations are faster than in bulk, measuring and understanding the diffusion properties in these locations is of great interest. Its excellent dielectric properties, makes alumina an exceptionally good high temperature electrical insulator. Diffusion data (self, solute, grain boundary and dislocation) are compiled at the end of the chapter.

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Grain-boundary diffusion and boundary widths in metals and ceramics

Cited by 104 publications

References 30 publications

Diffusion in yttrium aluminium garnet at the nanometer-scale: Insight into the effective grain boundary width

Diffusion in yttrium aluminium garnet at the nanometer-scale: Insight into the effective grain boundary width

CSL grain boundary distribution in alumina and zirconia ceramics

Diffusion in Alumina Single Crystals

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