Grain-boundary engineering inducing thermal stability, low dielectric loss and high energy storage in Ta+Ho co-doped TiO2 ceramics

Ultrahigh energy-storage density of a lead-free 0.85Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.15Ca(Nb0.5Al0.5)O3 ceramic under low electric fields

“…24 The results showed that all ceramics conformed to the Weibull distribution function, and β was higher than 10. 15,24 Moreover, as x increases from 0 to 0.15, the E b value increases from 155 kV cm −1 to 210 kV cm −1 . Usually, grain refinement, enhancement of the forbidden bandwidth and suppression of oxygen vacancies result in a significant enhancement of E b .…”

“…14 In general, grain refinement facilitates a significant enhancement of the breakdown field strength (E b ) of dielectric ceramics, which results in higher W rec values. [15][16][17][18] Moreover, it is a more popular strategy to design RFE materials with nano-sized domains as well as elongated P-E curves and large η by chemical doping. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Under an applied electric field, nanodomains are easier to reverse than microdomains, leading to the reduction of P r and the enhancement of η.…”

Ultralow dielectric loss in Tb + Ta‐modified TiO2 giant dielectric ceramics via designing defect chemistry

“…For dielectric ceramics with finer grain size, the breakdown path crosses more curved grain boundaries during breakdown and dissipates more energy, causing a higher E b value. 40,42 Additionally, grain boundaries with high breakdown energy are more diffito breakdown. 41 In addition, the formation of Schottky barriers at intergranular interfaces is critical to the nonlinear behaviors of ceramics.…”

“…It is well established that the E b is proportional to the grain size. For dielectric ceramics with finer grain size, the breakdown path crosses more curved grain boundaries during breakdown and dissipates more energy, causing a higher E b value 40,42 . Additionally, grain boundaries with high breakdown energy are more difficult to breakdown 41 .…”

Design of porous Ni and rare earth metal (Ce, Ho, and Eu) Co-doped TiO2nanoarchitectures for energy conversion and storage applications

“…8,29,30,46,47,59–62 RE-metal-ion-doped TiO 2 has been applied in several optoelectronic and electrochemical applications. 8,59–64 Among the RE metal ions, Eu 3+ , 65 Ce 3+ , 66,67 and Ho 3+ 68 are excellent candidates for TiO 2 doping due to their superb optoelectronic properties.…”