Grain boundary segregation engineering in metallic alloys: A pathway to the design of interfaces

High-Temperature Stability and Grain Boundary Complexion Formation in a Nanocrystalline Cu-Zr Alloy

“…Many studies have since reported on the effects of these grain boundary structures on the overall physical and mechanical properties in metals and ceramics, such as the being cause for solid state activated sintering and abnormal grain growth. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Recently, Tang et al 38 introduced the term complexion to differentiate grain boundary "phases" from traditional bulk phases. The main reason for this convention is that complexions depend on their abutting grains and cannot exist as separate entities.…”

Grain Boundary Chemistry and Transport Through Alumina Scales on NiAl Alloys

“…In several cases, the investigated GBs contained second phase precipitates or voids, which influenced diffusion and the accuracy of the GB height measurement. Another important issue is the difference between high-and low-angle GBs, which is known to have an impact on segregation [25,27]. All these factors appear to contribute to the observed scatter of the calculated flux.…”

Atom probe tomography reveals options for microstructural design of steels and titanium alloys by segregation engineering

“…Besides these confined types of chemical and structural changes of lattice defects also conventional phase transformation and phase growth can occur at segregation decorated internal defects when the system is (in some cases locally) rendered into the two-phase regime. Here, we provide some examples how these different types of segregation phenomena and confined structural states at lattice defects can be used to design complex microstructures in metallic alloys by using simple heat treatments [12][13][14]. We give examples of corresponding segregation effects, complexions and phase transformation phenomena in Fe-Mn steels taken from earlier work [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…The martensitic phase is visualized through the presence of multiple nano-sized intermetallic precipitates which formed upon heat treatment at 450°C for 48h. The results are taken from earlier publications [12,13,16]. The design of such martensitic maraging steels, containing also regions where martensite to austenite reversion occurred after preceding massive Mn segregation, was the basis for the development of the so-called maraging TRIP steels.…”

“…The sample was homogenized and heat treated at 450°C for 48h. The data were taken from a preceding paper [12,13,16]. In this case no complexion was formed but instead regular confined phase transformation (reversion) from the martensite into the austenite.…”