Grain filling and fatty acid composition of safflower fertilized with integrated nitrogen fertilizer and biofertilizers

Abstract

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the integrated application of nitrogen fertilizer and biofertilizers on the yield, grain filling period, and composition of fatty acids of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). Split-plot experiments were carried out during the 2011 and 2012 crop seasons. The treatments consisted of seed inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5, Azospirillum lipoferum strain F, and Pseudomonas putida strain 186) in the subplots, including a control without seed inoculation; and of the application of N fertilizer at different rates (60, 120, and 180 kg ha -1 urea) in the main plots, including a control without N. The highest grain yield, grain filling period, and effective grain filling period were obtained by the application of 180 kg ha -1 urea and by seed inoculation with P. putida. The application of high N rates and P. putida inoculation resulted in 25.66% increase of the potential rate of grain filling. Biofertilizer inoculation in seed reduced the contents of saturated fatty acids (palmetic and stearic acids) and increased the contents of unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, and oleic acids). The suitable amount of N fertilizer (between 120 and 180 kg ha -1 urea) can improve plant growth, and the quantity and quality of oil in seeds treated with P. putida in safflower plants.Index terms: Carthamus tinctorius, Pseudomonas putida, oil quality, PGPR, fatty acids, seed-inoculation. Enchimento de grãos e composição de ácidos graxos em plantas de cártamo adubadas com fertilizante nitrogenado e biofertilizantesResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação integrada de fertilizante nitrogenado e biofertilizantes sobre o rendimento, o período de enchimento de grãos e a composição de ácidos graxos de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em parcelas subdividas, durante as safras 2011 e 2012. Os tratamentos consistiram da inoculação de rizobactérias promotoras do crescimento de plantas (Azotobacter chroococcum estirpe 5, Azospirillum lipoferum estirpe F e Pseudomonas putida estirpe 186) nas sementes, nas subparcelas, com um controle sem inoculação; e da aplicação de diferentes níveis de adubação nitrogenada (60, 120 e 180 kg ha -1 de ureia) nas parcelas principais, com um controle sem aplicação de N. O maior rendimento de grãos, o maior período de enchimento de grãos e o período efetivo de enchimento de grãos foram obtidos com a aplicação de 180 kg ha -1 de ureia e com a inoculação de P. putida nas sementes. A aplicação de altas doses de N e a inoculação com P. putida resultaram no aumento de 25,66% da taxa potencial de enchimento de grãos. A inoculação de biofertilizantes nas sementes reduziu o teor de ácidos graxos saturados (ácidos palmítico e esteárico) e incrementou os ácidos graxos insaturados (ácidos linoleico, linolênico e oleico). A aplicação da quantidade adequada de adubação nitrogenada (120 a 180 kg ha -1 de ureia) pode melhorar o crescimento de plantas ...

Effect of Sowing Dates on Fatty Acids and Phytosterols Patterns of Carthamus tinctorius L.

“…The fatty acid composition of safflower seeds observed in our study was quite similar to those reported in several studies [13,14]. High proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols were observed, which confirm the potential interest of safflower oil for medicinal and dietetic purposes [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Nutritional value of Sesamum indicum L. was improved by Azospirillum and Azotobacter under low input of NP fertilizers

“…Similarly, Nosheen et al [12] reported that inoculation of canola with Azotobacter and Azospirillum increased the oleic acid and linolenic acid contents which are in agreement of our findings. Sharifi et al [22] reported that there is a reverse relationship between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid, and the similar trends is shown in our study, the treatments which increased the saturated fatty acid leads toward decrease in unsaturated fatty acid and vice versa. Significant negative correlation ( r = − 0.4542, r = − 0.2818) between the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid has been shown in Table 2.…”

Competition Indices of Safflower and Faba Bean Intercrops as Affected by Fertilizers

“…The highest safflower and faba bean seed yields belonged to application of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers in the second year (Table 3). Similar findings were also reported by Seyed Sharifi et al (2017), who stated that biofertilizer alone, or in combination with synthetic fertilizers have significantly increased grain yield. Biofertilizers are good tools to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer and reduce its negative environmental effects also improves seed yield because of the increase in metabolic activities of biologic fertilizers and production of growth stimulating hormones by bacteria (Uhart and Andrade, 1995).…”