Grain filling variation in winter wheat, barley and triticale in pannonian environments

Abstract

Knowledge about the comparative development and grain filling of winter cereals under different environmental conditions is important for stable and high yielding crop production. The objective of this work was to compare patterns of grain filling in bread wheat, barley and triticale grown in the Pannonian region, as well as to investigate relationships among grain filling parameters, time to anthesis and grain yield. The trials with 12 winter cereal genotypes were carried out in four successive seasons at the location Novi Sad, Serbia. Results of this study showed that all studied grain filling parameters were significantly influenced by species, cultivar, growing season, and species by growing season interaction. Longer duration of grain filling period and period to maximum grain filling were observed in triticale and wheat cultivars compared with six and two-rowed barley. Two-rowed barley cultivars had a higher grain filling rate than other cultivars. Furthermore, a negative association between time to anthesis and grain yield indicates that cultivars with the long preanthesis period are not recommended for the agro-ecological conditions of the Pannonian plain. Generally, medium early cultivars of small grain cereals had the highest grain weight within species and spike type, suggesting that medium early cultivars have a balanced ratio of pre-anthesis and grain filling period. High values of final grain weight in different growing seasons indicate that weather conditions in the Pannonian plain are mainly suitable for grain growth.

Changes in leaf appearance and developmental phases associated with breeding progress in six-rowed barley in the Pannonian Plain

“…An earlier anthesis date shifted the grain filling period towards better environmental conditions, resulting in a GW increase in the modern barley cultivars (data not shown). These findings contradict those previously reported (Serrago et al 2013, Mirosavljević et al 2018a, which suggested that the photosynthesis assimilation rate is more important than grain filling duration.…”

“…Although grain yield is formed continually during the entire period from sowing to maturity, certain developmental stages are more decisive than others in determining the final grain yield (Slafer 2003). For example, in different cereal crops, stem elongation has been recognized as a crucial phase for the determination of grain number per spike and unit area (GN) (González et al 2011), while the periods from booting to anthesis (Ugarte et al 2007) and grain filling period (Mirosavljević et al 2018a) are essential for grain growth and final weight. In addition, anthesis date has also been identified as an important trait for the adjustment of the crop phenology to the available resources and for cultivar adaptation to specific environmental conditions (Reynolds et al 2009).…”

Analysis of Climate Elements in the Northeastern Region of Croatia for the Purpose of Determining Irrigation Requirements of Maize and Soybean on Drained Soil

“…Wheat genotypes reacted differently in the two growing seasons, giving high results in most of the traits that contribute directly to grain yield during crop years (Ristić et al, 2009;Popovic et al 2020c;Mandić et al, 2020;Đurić et al, 2020;Mirosavljevic et al, 2018;. Similar results were obtained in the research of Milanovic et al (2019;; Popovic et al, (2020c) and Rakascan et al (2019a;2019b;2021).…”

Wheat yield and grain-filling characteristics due to cultivar replacement in the Haihe Plain in China

“…(2021) also showed that an increase in the grain-filling rate in the late period and a reduction in its fluctuation were key to increasing kernel weight, and the wheat grain-filling process is dominated by the regional ecological environment, especially temperature and light. Grain-filling characteristics vary depending on environmental conditions ( Mirosavljević et al., 2018 ).…”