Grain Refinement of Mg–Al Alloys Inoculated by MgO Powder

Ma, Zhiqiang; Li, Chengbo; Du, Jun; Zhan, Meiyan

doi:10.1007/s40962-018-0287-3

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our samples were prepared according to the procedure used by Du [8,30]. Metallographic samples were cut in the horizontal direction at the position of 15 mm from the bottom of the samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Nuclei Formation in Carbon-Inoculated Mg-3%Al Alloys Containing Trace Fe

Yang

Luo

et al. 2019

Materials

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In this study, Fe-bearing Mg-3%Al alloys were inoculated by combining carbon with or without Ca. Both processes can significantly refine the grain size of Mg-3%Al alloys. The highest refining efficiency can be obtained by carbon combined with Ca. The synergistic grain refining efficiency can be attributed to the constitutional undercooling produced by the addition of Ca. Two kinds of carbon-containing nuclei with duplex-phase particles and cluster particles were observed in the carbon-inoculated alloys. A thermodynamic model was established to disclose the formation mechanisms of the duplex-phase particles and Al4C3 cluster particles. This thermodynamic model is based on the change of Gibbs free energy for the formation of these two kinds of particles. The calculated results show that these two particles can form spontaneously, since the change of Gibbs free energy is negative. However, the Gibbs free change of the duplex-phase particle is more negative than the Al4C3 cluster particle. This indicates that the adsorption process is more spontaneous than the cluster process, and tiny Al4C3 particles are preferred to form duplex-phase particle, rather than gathering to form an Al4C3 cluster particle. In addition, the addition of Ca can reduce the interfacial energy between the Al4C3 phase and the Al–Fe phase and promote the formation of duplex-phase particles.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Nuclei Formation in Carbon-Inoculated Mg-3%Al Alloys Containing Trace Fe

Yang

Luo

et al. 2019

Materials

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“…Fan et al [48] found that MgO particles are effective nucleation sites for the primary α-Mg phase, and the diffusely distributed MgO has a refining effect. The study of Ma et al [49] showed that the grain size of Mg-3%Al alloys at casting was about 535 ± 31 µm0.5%, and with the increase of MgO additions up to 0.5% and 1%, the average grain sizes were further refined to 267 ± 18 µm and 146 ± 6 µm, respectively. Lin et al [50] showed that the grain size, YS and EL values of Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca and Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca-0.5MgO were 2 µm, 257.23 MPa, 16.6% and 1.5 µm, 300.00 MPa, 14.1%, respectively.…”

Section: Corrosion Mechanism Of Zxx Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies [48][49][50] have shown that the addition of MgO can reduce grain size and improve mechanical properties. Fan et al [48] found that MgO particles are effective nucleation sites for the primary α-Mg phase, and the diffusely distributed MgO has a refining effect.…”

Section: Corrosion Mechanism Of Zxx Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of MgO Contents on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Low-Alloyed Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy

Zhao,

Lyu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Metals

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The effects of different MgO contents (0.3 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 0.7 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%) on the microstructure and properties of Mg-1Zn-0.5Ca alloy (ZX) were systematically investigated to promote the clinical application of Mg alloys. The results showed that a MgO addition promoted the precipitates of Ca2Mg6Zn3 and Mg2Ca after hot extrusion. Meanwhile, the average grain size of the ZX alloy decreased abruptly from 17.73 μm to 5.54 μm after the addition of 0.3 wt.% MgO and then reduced slowly as further increasing the MgO contents to 1.0 wt.%. The microhardness and yield strength (YS) increased gradually from 59.43 HV and 102.0 MPa in ZX to 69.81 HV and 209.5 MPa in ZX1.0, respectively. However, the elongation to failure (EL) decreased from 26.7% in ZX to 21.2% in ZX1.0 due to the increase of volume fraction of the second phase and decrease of grain size as increasing the MgO. The corrosion result showed that ZX alloy exhibited local corrosion while ZX composites (ZX0.3, ZX0.5 and ZX0.7) displayed relatively uniform corrosion owing to the fine grain size, dispersed fine second and the protective effect of corrosion product after MgO hydrolyzation. However, excessive MgO (ZX1.0) easily caused the aggregation of itself and the precipitates and deteriorated the corrosion resistance of the material.

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“…However, several criteria must be met to ensure the casting of an effective MMC. For example, the added ceramic particles must be carefully selected, ensuring stability in the liquid metal, crystallographic similarity between the particles and the host metal, as well as similar density to avoid rapid settling or inadvertent removal as dross [72,73]. Additionally, homogenous distribution of reinforcement particles in the alloy matrix must be attained to avoid pre-mature failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Refinement of Az91e Magnesium Alloy Through Ultrasonic Treatment, Inoculation and Hybrid Processing for Improvements to Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Emadi

2024

Preprint

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<p>Light metals are gaining increased attention due to ecological sustainability concerns and consequent strict emission regulations. Magnesium (Mg) has the potential to replace aluminum (Al) and steel components, which can reduce emissions through lightweighting. However, widespread implementation of Mg is hindered by its low mechanical properties. As a means for improving the mechanical properties of cast alloys, ultrasonic processing has shown increasing promise within the past years. As well, grain refinement and reinforcement with ceramic particles can also improve the properties of cast alloys. This dissertation examines the effects of ultrasonic treatment (UST), grain refinement with Œ±-Al 2 p3rticles, and their combination to produce hybrid refined castings on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Mg alloys. To evaluate the effects of UST, the molten alloys were subjected to 60 to 240 s of sonication at a frequency and amplitude of 20 kHz and 15 ¬µm, respectively. Vibrational amplitudes ranging from 1.25 to 15 ¬µm were also investigated. Sonication time was found to improve the mechanical properties of the alloy relative to the base condition. In addition, vibrational amplitudes up to 7.5 ¬µm were able to refine the secondary phases of the alloy. In both cases, the improvement was attributed to the refinement of the Mg grain structure and secondary phases. Grain refinement with Al2O3 was performed with mechanical stirring (MS) and addition levels ranging from 0.25 to 2 wt.%. The highest levels of improvement for ultimate tensile strength and ductility were achieved through 0.5 wt.% Al2O3 addition. Moreover, hybrid refined samples were prepared by combining 1 wt.% Al2O3 addition and UST. The hybrid samples displayed improved mechanical properties relative to the base alloy and the samples prepared with MS. This was attributed to the finer grain size, and enhanced inoculant distribution. Thus, significantly improved mechanical properties of Mg alloys are facilitated by UST, grain refinement with Al2O3 and hybrid processing. These processes have the potential to replace higher density Al and iron-based components, with consequent energy efficiency and environmental and ecological benefits.</p>

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Grain Refinement of Mg–Al Alloys Inoculated by MgO Powder

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Revealing the Nuclei Formation in Carbon-Inoculated Mg-3%Al Alloys Containing Trace Fe

Revealing the Nuclei Formation in Carbon-Inoculated Mg-3%Al Alloys Containing Trace Fe

Effect of MgO Contents on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Low-Alloyed Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy

Grain Refinement of Az91e Magnesium Alloy Through Ultrasonic Treatment, Inoculation and Hybrid Processing for Improvements to Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

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