Grain Storage Fungi Associated with the Granary Weevil1

Agrawal, N. S.; Çhristensen, C. M.; Hodson, A. C.

doi:10.1093/jee/50.5.659

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Storage rnolds do not grow in grain at < 12% m.c. (Agrawal et al 1957). In his study on the association of p i n storage fungi with Sirophilm granarius, he found that the invasion of stored wheat by this insect at 25°C and 75% r.h.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Movement of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) in grain columns containing pockets of high moisture content wheat and carbon dioxide gradients

Parde¹,

Jayas²,

White³

2004

Journal of Stored Products Research

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Permission has been granted to the Library of the University of Manitoba to lend or seU copies of this thesis/practicum, to the Nationai Library of Canada to microfilm this thesis and to lend or seil copies of the film, and to University Microfhs Inc. to publisb an abstract of this thesidpracticum.This reproduction or copy of this thesis has been made available by authority of the copyright owner soleiy for the purpose of private stady and research, and may ody be repnidnced and copied as permitted by copyright iaws or with express d e n authorization from the copyright owner.The movement of the adult msty grain beetle, Cyptolestesfërrugineus (Stephens), in 100 cm long columns, filled with wheat of uniform moisture content (m.c.) of 12,1,13.5 and 14.7%.was determined for horizontal and vertical placement of columns at 30°C. Also, the insect movement in columns, filled with hi& moisture content. wheat (above 16.5%) in the middle or top sections, and with uniform rnoisture content wheat (12 or 14.8%) in other sections, was determined. Insect movement was also determined under CO2 gradients (with COz introduced from either top or bottorn) and no CO, gradients (control) in columns filled with either uniform moisture content wheat (12 or 14.6%) or with pockets of high rnoisture content wheat (15.5, 16, 16.6 or 17%) in the middle. bottom or top three sections.Six columns made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were tàbricated to hold wheat. Each column (10 cm diameter) was divided into IO equal sections, each 10 cm long. One end of the column \vas closed and the o h -end remained opened to the atmosphere. Each section of the column had one port, except the two end sections, which had two ports each. The second port in the closed end section was for introducing CO, while the port at the open end was used for exit of gases. The first port in each section was used for introducing insects and for taking CO, sarnples. Carbon dioxide gradients were established in the cotumns by maintaining a flow o f 6 mumin fiom a compressed gas cylinder containing a mixture of 10% CO, and 90% air, by voIume. The gas concentration in each section was measured using a gas chromatopph. C~yptolestesfernigineus adults up to 2 rno old were taken fiom laboratoy cultures and 200 adults, 100 each-marked and unmarked, were introduced, either in the middle or at the top. The insect movement was determined in horizontal and vertical columns after 1,3,5, and 7 d, 1 and 5 d or 1 and 7 d.h horizontal columns Eilled with wheat of 13.5% uniform mec., 43% of aduh C. ferrugineus remained in the adjacent sections frorn their point of introduction, but afler 5 d, they exhibited the trend of distributing unifomly in h e columns. in vertical columns filled with 12 or 14.8% unifom moisture content, 63% of the insects moved downward showing positive geotaxism. tn horizontal or vertical coiumns containing pockets of high moisture content wheat, 55% of the beetles aggregated in the region of high moisture content, exhibiting hygrotactic response. Under CO? gradients in co...

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Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Movement of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) in grain columns containing pockets of high moisture content wheat and carbon dioxide gradients

Parde¹,

Jayas²,

White³

2004

Journal of Stored Products Research

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“…Un-infested stored grain Protein, nitrogen and amino acids ▲ total nitrogen content in wheat, finger millet, maize, grams, bean and cowpea (Pingale et al 1954;Irabagon 1959;Rajan et al 1975;Murthy and Kokilavani 1980;Francis and Adams 1980) ▼ protein quality (Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER)) of maize and cowpea due to severe infestation (Rajan et al 1975(Rajan et al , 1975a) ▲ soluble protein, crude protein and total protein content (Francis and Adams 1980;Tongjura et al 2010) protein (Baldi et al 1977cited in Zhou et al 2002Dejene et al 2006) ▼ protein solubility and in vitro digestibility ▲ amino-N Fats and lipids ▲ fat content in maize with heavy weevil infestation (Irabagon 1959;Tongjura et al 2010) ▲ free fatty acids in maize, sorghum and legumes (Pandey and Pandey 1977;Venkat Rao et al 1958, 1960 Other aspects ▲ contamination due to insect fragments, excreta, dust and damaged grains ▼ baking qualities, taste, odour and flour appearance due to metabolic by-products e.g. quinones secreted by tenebrionid pests (Ladisch et al 1968;Smith et al 1971) ▲ entry by pathogens and toxin development, due to seed coat damage, insect carriage of fungal spores and mycotoxin link (Agrawal et al 1957;Widstrom 1979). Although, on wheat, it took several thousand insects per kg to cause an obvious increase in fungal populations (Fourar-Belaifa et al 2011) ▼ grain palatability leading to reduced weight gain in rats (Rajan et al The protein, carbohydrate, fibre and crude fat contents of the pericarp, endosperm and germ fractions of maize grains were analysed by Nuss and Tanumihardjo (2010); Fig.…”

Section: Insect-infested Stored Grainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the nutritional cost of insect infestation of stored maize and cowpea

et al. 2020

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Our understanding and prevention of postharvest losses are critical if we are to feed a growing global population. Insect infestation-related losses of stored commodities are typically considered only in terms of quantitative, physical weight loss. Insect infestation affects the nutritional value and some nutritional components are impacted more severely than others. We infested maize and cowpea grain with commonly occurring stored product insect pests, and mapped infestation levels against nutritional composition over a 4-to-6 month storage period to analyse how insect infestation relates to different macro-and micronutrient contents. Insect infestation decreased the carbohydrate content of the stored grains, causing a relative increase in the proportion of protein and fibre in the remaining grain, and moisture content also increased. Sitophilus zeamais preferentially fed in the floury endosperm of maize, resulting in more carbohydrate loss relative to protein loss. Conversely, Prostephanus truncatus consumed the germ and endosperm, disproportionately reducing the fat, protein, iron and zinc grain contents. Nutrients are distributed more homogenously within cowpea than in maize grains, but Callosobruchus maculatus infestation increased the relative protein, fat, iron and zinc to carbohydrate ratios. This indicates how the nutrient content of insect-infested stored grain depends upon the grain type, the infesting insect, and the infestation level. Insect infestation therefore has consequences for human nutrition beyond those of grain weight loss. Using data collected on the changing nutritional composition of grain over time, with and without insect infestation, we modelled the associations between infestation and nutritional quality to predict estimated nutritional losses that could be associated with consumption of insect-infested stored maize and cowpea.

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“…HOWever. after an infestation has become established, the moisture content of wheat increases, and may almost double (Agrawal, Christensen, and Hodson, 1957). This moisture increase, dong with other factors, produces suboptimal conditions and movement to lower humidities would be beneficial.…”

Section: Reversal Of the Light Reaction By Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Some Humidity and Light Reactions of the Granary Weevil,Sitophilus granarius(L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Smereka¹,

Hodson²

1959

Can Entomol

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The behaviour to moisture of a number of stored-product insects; Tenebrio molitor (Pielou and Gunn, 1940), Ptinus tectus (Bentley, 1944), Tribolium castaneum (Willis and Roth, 1950) and Tribolium confusum (Roth and Willis, 1951) have been studied. All these species live in a dry environment in flour and all have shown a preference for the drier of any two humidity alternatives. The moisture reactions of the granary weevil were studied since this species develops in a relatively moist environment (Richards, 1947) and should show a contrast to the reactions of the above species. The supplementary studies of this investigation were to determine the effect of moisture conditioning on the moisture reactions and to study the interaction between light and moisture.

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Grain Storage Fungi Associated with the Granary Weevil1

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Movement of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) in grain columns containing pockets of high moisture content wheat and carbon dioxide gradients

Movement of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) in grain columns containing pockets of high moisture content wheat and carbon dioxide gradients

Measuring the nutritional cost of insect infestation of stored maize and cowpea

Some Humidity and Light Reactions of the Granary Weevil,Sitophilus granarius(L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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