Grain yield and phosphorus use efficiency of wheat and pea in a high yielding environment

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response of grain yield, phosphorus (P) use efficiency (PUE, g yield g -1 P available) and related root traits of wheat and pea to different P availabilities in a high yielding environment (e.g.: yield higher than 10 Mg ha -1 for wheat). Two experiments were conducted in southern Chile. Treatments consisted of the combination of (i) two crops (spring-bred wheat and pea) and (ii) three rates of P fertilization (0 (P0), 100 (P1) and 250 (P2) kg P ha -1 ). Grain yield of wheat was more sensitive to P deficiency than pea. Wheat showed consistently higher (P < 0.01) PUE than pea, averaging 195 and 125 g yield g -1 P available, respectively. This was principally ascribed to the highest (P < 0.01) P utilization efficiency of wheat (430 vs. 249 g yield g -1 P uptake for wheat and pea, respectively). On the contrary, the P uptake efficiency was slightly different for these crops (0.44 and 0.49 g P g -1 P available, respectively). However, these crops presented different strategies for P acquisition. Wheat had a higher (P < 0.01) soil exploratory capacity than pea, while pea showed a higher (P < 0.01) P uptake per unit of root length than wheat. Wheat showed higher PUE than pea; however, crop differences are ascribed to differences in phosphorus utilization rather than to phosphorus uptake efficiency. This information could contribute to optimized soil P use and improved crop fertilization management.

Evaluation of Mechanisms of Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Traditional Wheat Cultivars for Sustainable Cropping

“…In agreement with our results concerning fresh (Table 1) and dry weight (Figure 1) production, P nutrition had a positive influence on fresh and dry matter production of Anbar and Kahhatat as reported in sunflower [22], safflower [45], and wheat [10,47]. Noursi was less sensitive to P deficiency than Anbar and Kahhatat in terms of biomass accumulation.…”

“…The continuously increasing values of P ER and P UI to produce yield (DM), exhibited by wheat cultivars under study (Figure 11), in response to decreasing nutrient supply, represents the general response of the adaptation of different cultivars to nutrient-poor environments by enhancing their nutrient use-efficiency [67]. Similar observations have been found for safflower as compared to sunflower [22], and among wheat cultivars [10]. However, the ability of the three wheat cultivars under investigation to utilize P similarly at respective P supplies in terms of P ER and P UI indicate that they have similar utilization efficiently in terms of these parameters at all studied P supplies.…”

“…The recovery of fertilizer P is very low, often below 15% in the first year of application and hardly reaches 50% after 30 years [8]. Although, in view of limited P resources [7] and serious environmental and economic consequences [4,9], a considerate use of P is mandatory to correct P deficiencies to fulfill the requirements of modern cultivars [10]. P application is particularly effective in yield formation [11,12], but in organic farming, where inorganic P fertilizers are not permitted [13], the soil P availability is not easily increased [14].…”

Phosphorus acquisition of wheat, pea and narrow-leafed lupin under different P supplies

“…PUE (kg biomass kg -1 P available (P from soil plus fertilizer)) for biomass production can be defined as the product of P uptake efficiency (kg P uptake kg -1 P available) and P utilization efficiency (kg biomass kg -1 P uptake) (Ortiz-Monasterio et al, 2001;Sandaña and Pinochet, 2014;Sandaña, 2016). Despite the global need to improve the PUE of crops, the degree of knowledge reached among crop species regarding their PUE is unequal.…”

Foliar application of micronutrients on essential oils of borago, thyme and marigold

“…Among these, thymol and carvacrol are the main compounds (Yadegari, 2012;Jamali et al 2014). Although many studies performed about of macronutrients effects on plants (Quezada et al 2007;Wyllyam Do Vale et al 2008;Khan et al 2014;Raza et al 2014;Sandana and Pinochet, 2014;Yañez-Mansilla et al 2015), few studies examining Iron, Copper, Zinc and Manganese fertility in Borago, Calendula and Thyme have been conducted, but they are not specific to the medicinal use of this plant. Iron is one of the three micro essential nutrient elements required by plants.…”