Grain yield and water use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in relation to irrigation levels and rice straw mulching in North West India

Ram, Hari; Dadhwal, Vikas; Vashist, Krishan Kumar; Kaur, Harinderjit

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2013.06.011

Cited by 154 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Similarly greater availability of soil water with full and higher irrigations than with deficit irrigation increased plant growth and thereby resulted in higher amount of evapotranspiration. These observations are in agreement with the findings of Ram et al (2013) who reported that ET of wheat increased from 289 mm with two irrigations to 512 mm with five irrigations in Indian Punjab.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Optimal Supply of Water and Nitrogen Improves Grain Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Crop Nitrogen Recovery in Wheat

Bibi¹,

Anwar-ul-Hassan²,

Murtaza³

et al. 2016

IJAB

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Little information is available on the role of optimized application of irrigation and N on crop N recovery and NO3-N build up and movement in soil profile. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of irrigation and N management practices on wheat yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency and NO3-N distribution in soil. The treatments included were three levels of irrigation; 0.7, 1.0 and 1.3% of the estimated evapo-transpiration (ETc) and four levels of N; 0, 110, 160 and 210 kg N ha -1 in split plot design. The N was applied either in two splits (50% at sowing + 50% at maximum tillering) or three splits (50% at sowing + 25% at maximum tillering + 25% at spike initiation). Nitrogen applied at 110 kg ha -1 in three splits produced higher wheat yield, N recovery and water use efficiency (WUE) than two splits. Further, application of N in three splits had considerably lesser accumulation of NO3-N in soil as compared to two splits. A significant irrigation effect was observed on grain yield, N recovery and WUE. The highest levels were achieved with water application according to crop water requirement (1.0 ETc). The deficit irrigation produced significantly lower grain yield (3.15 t ha ). Deficit irrigation resulted in higher build up of NO3-N in surface soil. In contrast, excessive irrigation resulted in greater concentration of NO3-N in lower depths of soil. The results from this research show that there is great potential for decreasing N leaching and increasing wheat crop yield and N use efficiency thorugh controlled irrigation and N application according to crop demand.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Optimal Supply of Water and Nitrogen Improves Grain Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Crop Nitrogen Recovery in Wheat

Bibi¹,

Anwar-ul-Hassan²,

Murtaza³

et al. 2016

IJAB

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show abstract

“…The results of model simulations (BalwinderSingh et al 2011b) suggested that, with mulch, oneirrigation would be saved in about 50% of the years. From a three-year study, Ram et al (2013) showed that under limited irrigation water conditions, rice straw mulching increased yield and water use efficiency in wheat. When wheat is sown with HS after rice harvest in the residual soil moisture eliminates the need for pre-sowing irrigation (Yadvinder-Singh et al 2010b).…”

Section: Y Singh and H S Sidhumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rice residue management in no-till systems (surface retention) provides multiple benefits, including soil moisture conservation, suppression of weeds, improvement in soil quality (Balwinder-Singh et al 2011a, Ram et al 2013Kumar et al 2013;Singh et al 2005;Verhulst et al 2011), reduction in greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to nearly 13 t ha -1 (Mandal et al 2004), and regulates canopy temperature at the grain-filling stage to mitigate the terminal heat effects in wheat (Gupta et al 2010;Jat et al 2009), and significantly improves the C sustainability index (Jat et al 2011). The suppression of weeds with straw mulch might help reduce herbicide requirements (Yadvinder-Singh et al 2010b).…”

Section: Y Singh and H S Sidhumentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Cereal Crop Residues for Sustainable Rice-wheat Production System in the Indo-gangetic Plains of India

Singh¹,

Sidhu²

2014

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

213

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Rice-wheat (RW) cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains has played a significant role in the food security of India. However, sustainability of this important cropping system is at risk due to the deterioration of soil health, mounting pressure on natural resources and emerging challenges of climate change. Conservation agriculture involving zero-or minimum-tillage and innovations in crop residue management (CRM) to avoid straw burning should assist in achieving sustainable productivity and allow farmers to reduce nutrient and water inputs, and reduce risk due to climate change. High yields of the irrigated RW system have resulted in production of huge quantities of crop residues (CRs). Burning of rice straw is common in north-western parts of India causing nutrient losses, and serious air quality problems affecting human health and safety. Mulch is a good option for rice residue management during the wheat crop, especially with no tillage. Mulch can increase yield, water use efficiency, and profitability, while decreasing weed pressure. Surplus residue from the previous wheat crop can be incorporated into the paddy fields with no adverse effect on rice yield. Residue decomposition in anaerobic flooded soil substantially increases methane emission relative to residue removal. Long-term studies of the residue recycling have indicated improvements in physical, chemical and biological health of soil. Since CRs contain significant quantities of plant nutrients; their continuous application will have positive effect on fertilizer management in RW system. Other plausible option of CRM lies in utilizing a potion of surplus residue for producing biochar (and co-production of bioenegy) for using as soil amendment to improve soil health, increase nutrient use efficiency and minimize air pollution. In this review authors have discussed current concerns and possible options for with efficient management of CRs in the RW cropping system.

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“…Maurya and Singh (2008) and Ram et al, (2013) also reported a decrease in WUE with an increase in irrigation levels due to proportionately less increase in grain yield with increase in ET. Zhang and Oweis (1999) also observed an increase in grain yield of wheat by 6.8-10.8 kg ha -1 per mm increase in ET.…”

Section: Evapotranspirational Production Function (Etpf) and Its Relamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ram et al, (2013) also reported greater availability of soil water with five irrigations (I 3 ) compared to one (I 1 ) and three irrigations (I 2 ) increased plant growth and thereby resulted in higher amount of ET losses. The observations are in agreement with the findings of Rathore and Patel (1991) who reported that ET of wheat increased from 240 mm with 2 irrigations to 460 mm with five irrigations on clay loam soil in India.…”

Section: Evapotranspirational Production Function (Etpf) and Its Relamentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Productivity and Marginal Analysis of Evapotranspiration Production Functions under Deficit Irrigation across Sowing Dates in Eastern India

Dutta¹,

Mukhopadhyay²,

Rajib³

et al. 2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Grain yield and water use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in relation to irrigation levels and rice straw mulching in North West India

Cited by 154 publications

References 25 publications

Optimal Supply of Water and Nitrogen Improves Grain Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Crop Nitrogen Recovery in Wheat

Optimal Supply of Water and Nitrogen Improves Grain Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Crop Nitrogen Recovery in Wheat

Management of Cereal Crop Residues for Sustainable Rice-wheat Production System in the Indo-gangetic Plains of India

Wheat Productivity and Marginal Analysis of Evapotranspiration Production Functions under Deficit Irrigation across Sowing Dates in Eastern India

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