Gram-Negative Mesophilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Widdel, Friedrich; Bak, Friedhelm

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2191-1_21

Cited by 1,313 publications

(1,327 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Strains KS1 and LQ17 were enriched and isolated in a freshwater mineral medium, pH 7.2, buffered with 30 mM bicarbonate/CO 2 and supplemented with vitamin and trace element solutions (Widdel & Bak, 1992). The medium was prepared anoxically but was not further reduced, since common reductants, such as sulfide or cysteine, could serve as potential electron donors for common anoxygenic phototrophs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic phototrophic nitrite oxidation by Thiocapsa sp. strain KS1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain LQ17

2010

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In anaerobic enrichment cultures for phototrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria from different freshwater sites, two different cell types, i.e. non-motile cocci and motile, rod-shaped bacteria, always outnumbered all other bacteria. Most-probable-number (MPN) dilution series with samples from two freshwater sites yielded only low numbers (¡3¾10 3 cm "3 ) of phototrophic nitrite oxidizers. Slightly higher numbers (about 10 4 cm "3 ) were found in activated sewage sludge. Anaerobic phototrophic oxidation of nitrite was studied with two different isolates, the phototrophic sulfur bacterium strain KS1 and the purple nonsulfur bacterium strain LQ17, both of which were isolated from activated sludge collected from the municipal sewage treatment plant in Konstanz, Germany. Strain KS1 converted 1 mM nitrite stoichiometrically to nitrate with concomitant formation of cell matter within 2-3 days, whereas strain LQ17 oxidized only up to 60 % of the given nitrite to nitrate within several months with the concomitant formation of cell biomass. Nitrite oxidation to nitrate was strictly light-dependent and required the presence of molybdenum in the medium. Nitrite was oxidized in both the presence and absence of oxygen. Nitrite inhibited growth at concentrations higher than 2 mM. Hydroxylamine and hydrazine were found to be toxic to the phototrophs in the range 5-50 mM and did not stimulate phototrophic growth. Based on morphology, substrate-utilization pattern, in vivo absorption spectra, and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain KS1 was assigned to the genus Thiocapsa and strain LQ17 to the genus Rhodopseudomonas. Also, Thiocapsa roseopersicina strains DSM 217 and DSM 221 were found to oxidize nitrite to nitrate with concomitant growth. We conclude that the ability to use nitrite phototrophically as electron donor is widespread in nature, but low MPN counts indicate that its contribution to nitrite oxidation in the studied habitats is rather limited.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic phototrophic nitrite oxidation by Thiocapsa sp. strain KS1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain LQ17

2010

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“…In studies that 18 recognize anaerobic degradation of organic matter as a multistep process, sulfate 19 reduction has generally been regarded as the terminal mineralization step. As shown in 20 the culture experiment, however, sulfate reduction can be accompanied with acetate 21 production when it is mediated by incomplete oxidizers [31]. The results of the presentstudy also suggested that the contributions of complete-and incomplete-oxidizing 1 sulfate reducers to the total SRR can vary depending on the temperature.…”

Section: Discussion 1mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Introductionmixture solution; 1 ml vitamin B 12 solution; 30 ml of 1 M NaHCO 3 solution; and 1.5 ml 1 of 1 M Na 2 S solution [31]. To simulate winter conditions, the first enrichment culture 2 was incubated at a low temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seasonal Changes in Organic Matter Mineralization in a Sublittoral Sediment and Temperature-Driven Decoupling of Key Processes

2010

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1Seasonal changes in the mineralization of organic compounds in sediments were 2 investigated in temperate, sublittoral zone sediments (Tokyo Bay, Japan). The total 3 mineralization rate and sulfate reduction rate showed large seasonal variations over the 4 year, and although the fluctuations in both rates correlated with temperature, the latter 5 was irregularly high in May. The concentration of organic carbon dissolved in 6 interstitial water was specifically high in April. A culture-based experiment was also 7 conducted under temperatures corresponding to the seasonal changes. In the culture 8 incubated at a temperature corresponding to April (13°C), hydrolysis and fermentation 9proceeded, but terminal oxidation was hindered, thereby resulting in acetate 10 accumulation. At a temperature corresponding to May (22°C), acetate oxidation coupled 11 with sulfate reduction was observed. The temperature-related differences were also 12 reflected in the bacterial community structure in the cultures analyzed by DGGE. In the 13 culture incubated at the lower temperature, sulfate-reducing bacteria of incomplete 14 oxidizers was detected, while sequence found in the culture incubated at the higher 15 temperature was related to complete oxidizers. These results suggest that complete and 16 incomplete oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacteria act as distinct functional groups, 17 responding to temperature in different ways, particularly in environments characterized 18 by large temperature fluctuations.

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“…The pH of the medium was adjusted to 7.2 with 6 M NaOH solution (Azabou et al, 2007). The medium was autoclaved and cooled to room temperature under an atmosphere of N 2 /CO 2 (90/10, V/V) (Widdel and Bak, 1992). Fresh paddy soil samples (5.0 g) were put into 100 ml anoxic water and mixed homogeneously, then 5 ml of suspension was added to serum bottles containing 50 ml medium and incubated at 30 C in the dark.…”

Section: Soil Sample Collection Enrichment and Isolation Of Srbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fresh paddy soil samples (5.0 g) were put into 100 ml anoxic water and mixed homogeneously, then 5 ml of suspension was added to serum bottles containing 50 ml medium and incubated at 30 C in the dark. Standard anaerobic culturing techniques were used throughout the experiments (Widdel and Bak, 1992). During incubation, the enrichment was briefly shaken once a day.…”

Section: Soil Sample Collection Enrichment and Isolation Of Srbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dechlorination of p,p′-DDTs coupled with sulfate reduction by novel sulfate-reducing bacterium Clostridium sp. BXM

Bao

Wang

et al. 2012

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tA novel non-dsrAB (without dissimilatory sulfite reductase genes) sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) Clostridium sp. BXM was isolated from a paddy soil. Incubation experiments were then performed to investigate the formation of reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) by Clostridium sp. BXM, and RSC-induced dechlorination of p,p 0 -DDT in culture medium and soil solution. The RSCs produced were 5.8 mM and 4.5 mM in 28 mM sulfate amended medium and soil solution respectively after 28-day cultivation. The p,p 0 -DDT dechlorination ratios were 74% and 45.8% for 5.8 mM and 4.5 mM RSCs respectively at 6 h. The metabolites of p,p 0 -DDT found in the two reaction systems were identified as p,p 0 -DDD and p,p 0 -DDE. The dechlorination pathways of p,p 0 -DDT to p,p 0 -DDD and p,p 0 -DDE were proposed, based on mass balance and dechlorination time-courses. The results indicated that RSC-induced natural dechlorination may play an important role in the fate of organochlorines.Crown

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Gram-Negative Mesophilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Cited by 1,313 publications

References 62 publications

Anaerobic phototrophic nitrite oxidation by Thiocapsa sp. strain KS1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain LQ17

Anaerobic phototrophic nitrite oxidation by Thiocapsa sp. strain KS1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain LQ17

Seasonal Changes in Organic Matter Mineralization in a Sublittoral Sediment and Temperature-Driven Decoupling of Key Processes

Dechlorination of p,p′-DDTs coupled with sulfate reduction by novel sulfate-reducing bacterium Clostridium sp. BXM

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