Gram-positive bacterial resistant strains of interest in animal and public health

Sfaciotte, Ricardo Antonio Pilegi; Coronel, L. G.; Osaki, Sílvia Cristina; Wosiacki, Sheila Rezler

doi:10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n4p2693

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The early identification in animals has become an important step in minimizing the transmission of antibacterial resistance. The increase in the number of multidrug-resistant bacteria in animals and humans demonstrates the need to develop and implement measures that monitor and control the diffusion of this resistance [18,28]. It is possible that the increased resistance is linked to the constant exposure to these drugs and the subsequent selective pressure caused by the transfer of resistance genes between strains [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistant isolates of S. pseudintermedius methicillin (MRSP) have been reported worldwide in veterinary clinics and hospitals. MRSP bacteria are recognized as a major pathogen due to multidrug resistance and the associated difficulty in treatment of infections [17,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It indicates that there is a requirement for the development of more specific tests to detect the presence of resistance genes that encode carbapenemases. Although there are no clear rules that prohibit the use of carbapenems in veterinary medicine, these antibiotics should be used with caution in order to avoid the pressure of selection of resistant clones and the transmission of resistance to other bacteria, potentially affecting humans [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypic Profile of Isolates from Clinical Infections in Dogs

Sfaciotte

Coronel

Snak

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Antimicrobial resistance is described as a condition in which a micro-organism is able to survive when exposed to an antimicrobial agent. The resistance rates to antimicrobials in companion animals have risen considerably. Studies of local antimicrobial susceptibility profiles are needed as well as education and warning about the use of tests for the identification and susceptibility of pathogenic bacterial strains. The aim of this study was to identify the main antimicrobial resistance in clinical samples of dogs, and to detect multidrug-resistant strains of importance to public health.Materials, Methods & Results: Bacterial pathogens of 77 dog infections were isolated and their sensitivity profile to antimicrobials was determined. One hundred bacterial isolates were identified. Of these, 61 were Gram-positive (55 Staphylococcus spp., 4 Enterococcus spp. and 2 Streptococcus spp.) and 39 Gram-negative (36 fermenters and 3 non-fermenters). Seventy-nine isolates were considered multiresistant following individual assessment of drugs, and 85 following the evaluation of classes. Only 3 were sensitive to all drugs. Four isolates were resistant to all classes and only sensitive to some antibiotics. Of the 55 samples of Staphylococcus spp., 36 (65.45%) were identified as phenotypically MRS. Two isolates of Enterococcus spp. were resistant to vancomycin (VRE). Also 66.67% (26/39) of the samples were positive for the presumptive test for ESBL. For the MRS-positive isolates detected in this study, chloramphenicol was the antimicrobial that showed superior sensitivity in 74.29% of the cases (27/36); therefore it is considered the most appropriate for treatment of this type of micro-organism. In case of aminoglycosides, when their resistance was checked in MRS isolates, all resistance percentages increased, implying a limited use of this class for such a type of multi-resistant micro-organism. Contrarily, in case of ESBL, a superior sensitivity was observed towards MRS isolates, thus making them a prime treatment choice for the infection caused by these micro-organisms.Discussion: Literature have reported a gradual increase in multidrug resistance towards antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine over the past decades. In this study, 64% of multiresistant strains were considered of significant importance, notably MRS (36), VRE (2) and ESBL (26). The early identification of pathogens in animals has become an important step in order to minimize the transmission of antibacterial resistance. The increase in the number of multidrug-resistant bacteria in animals and humans demonstrates the need to develop and implement measures in order to monitor and control the spread of this resistance. It is possible that the increased drug resistance is linked to the constant exposure to these drugs and the subsequent selective pressure, causing the transfer of resistant genes between strains. Carbapenems and glycopeptides should be used with caution in veterinary medicine in order to prevent such processes of selection that develop resistance in micro-organisms to these two classes, which can result in cross-resistance between animals and humans and create obstacles in the treatment of patients, especially for the two drugs mentioned, since they are important for the treatment of nosocomial infections in humans. The resistance percentage towards fluoroquinolones was identified to be higher in Gram-positive isolates, particularly in MRS, which showed 75% resistance against this class (according to the CLSI, resistance to one fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent provides resistance to other antimicrobials of this class). For ESBL isolates, the resistance was shown to be 50%. The resistance towards the fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides class can be associated with the expression of the genes that produce ESBL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypic Profile of Isolates from Clinical Infections in Dogs

Sfaciotte

Coronel

Snak

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…There are reports of dissemination of several resistant microorganisms throughout the pig meat production cycle. Among these microorganisms, some stand out by their high morbidity, multiresistance, and involvement in outbreaks, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp., which cause infections in humans and in animals (HAMMERUM et al, 2014;OLIVEIRA et al, 2011;SFACIOTTE et al, 2015).…”

Section: Pig Farming and Use Of Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus spp. in swine farming: a challenge for one health

Nobre

Santos

Oliveira

et al. 2019

AVB

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Article history The inadequate and excessive use of antimicrobial agents in pig farming has contributed to the emergence and increase of resistance to antibiotics in both bacteria related to infectious processes in these animals as those that constitute their own microbiota. This conduct also causes the dissemination of these microorganisms throughout the pig production chain, causing damages to health of consumers of their meat and processed-meat products. The effect of excess use of these medicines can even reach and compromise other ecosystems. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) stands out among bacterium species of interest to the public health. They emerged as important zoonotic pathogens, whose evolution generated different virulence and mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial agents and has been associated to high use of these medicines in pig farming. The development of resistance to antibiotics in Staphylococcus spp., especially the expression of the gene mecA, and their interrelation with pig farming are aspects considered in this work. The emergence and global presence of MRS in pig farming denote the important epidemiological involvement of these animal species in the dissemination of these microorganisms, and the occurrence of infections in humans and animals in the whole world. This is a scenario that requires attention by public health agencies and should not be overlooked.

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“…Of the 18 samples of Staphylococcus, 13 (72.23%) were susceptible to vancomycin in disk diffusion test, in five (27.77%), the MIC test for correct assessment is required. Until now has not reported any sample VISA or VRSA in veterinary medicine due to scarce amount of study front of resistance to glycopeptides (Monchique, 2013;Sfaciotte et al, 2015b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Assessment in Canine Ophthalmic Infections

Sfaciotte

Coronel

Snak

et al. 2018

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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The objective of this study was to identify the main microorganisms associated with ophthalmic infections and determine the resistance profile of these isolates against antimicrobial drugs. 26 bacterial isolates from 18 canine ophthalmic infections were submited to the phenotypic resistance profile for 36 drugs of 12 classes of antimicrobials, research of multidrug-resistant strains with importance in public health and detection of Staphylococcus mecA gene by PCR. The bacterial isolates were identified as Staphylococcus spp. (n = 18), Enterococcus spp. (n = 1), enterobacteria (n = 6) and Pseudomonas spp. (n = 1). The percentage of resistance and intermediate resistance were 42.48% (n = 325). Considering separate antimicrobials drugs, 18 isolates were characterized by multidrug resistant, while by the assesment of resistance to class, 20 isolates were multiresistant. In the phenotypic detection, 61.11% (11/18) of Staphylococcus spp. were predicted by Methicillin-Resistant Staphyloccus (MRS), whereas the genotypic detection, 38.89% (7/18) were carriers of the mecA gene. Two enterobacterias were considered producers of expectro Extended of Betalactamase (ESBL). EUCAST was more reliable for detecting MRS strains than the CLSI. The present study detected multiresistant isolates of great importance and are involved in cases of public health, such as MRS, MRSMLSb, ESBL, very important to be readily identified and controled so as to prevent the spread of this type of resistance.

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Gram-positive bacterial resistant strains of interest in animal and public health

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypic Profile of Isolates from Clinical Infections in Dogs

Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypic Profile of Isolates from Clinical Infections in Dogs

Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus spp. in swine farming: a challenge for one health

Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Assessment in Canine Ophthalmic Infections

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