“…To date, many kinds of Bi‐based radiation‐driven ROS‐ECBs have been used in RT, such as Bi nanoparticles (Yu et al, 2017), silica‐based bismuth‐gadolinium nanoparticles (Detappe et al, 2017), BiOI quantum dots (Wang, An, Lin, Tian, & Yang, 2020), BSA‐Coated BiOI@Bi 2 S 3 heterojunction nanoparticles (Guo et al, 2017), Au‐Bi 2 S 3 hetero‐nanostructure nanoparticles (Wang et al, 2019), BSA‐Bi 2 Se 3 nanodots (Mao et al, 2016), poly(vinylpyrollidone)‐and selenocysteine‐modified Bi 2 Se 3 nanoparticles (Du et al, 2017), FeSe 2 /Bi 2 Se 3 nanoparticles (Cheng et al, 2016), and MnSe@Bi 2 Se 3 nanoparticles (Song et al, 2015). Besides, tungsten (W)‐, hafnium (Hf)‐, tantalum (Ta)‐, or rhenium (Re)‐based radiation‐driven ROS‐ECBs, such as WO 3‐x nanodots (Wen et al, 2016), WS 2 quantum dots (Wang, Song, Zhang, & Zhang, 2019), HfO 2 nanoparticles (Li et al, 2020), TaO x nanospheres (Peng et al, 2020), and ReS 2 ‐PEG nanosheets (Shen et al, 2017) have also been fabricated and investigated for enhanced the therapeutic outcomes.…”