Grammar and Problems of Usage

Leech, Geoffrey; Deuchar, Margaret; Hoogenraad, Robert

doi:10.1007/978-1-137-23685-2_12

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This finding is similar with the previous researches by Istiana (2006); Nasution (2014); Sujarwo (2018); Tarmini (2009); Yulianty (2008). The variation of meaning types presents in pairs in naming the place as stated by (Chaer, 2009b;Chaer, 2009c), Leech, Cruickshank, & Ivanic 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chaer (2009) classifies the meanings of lexical meanings and grammatical meanings, referential meanings and nonreferential meanings, denotative meanings and connotative meanings, word meanings and general or specific meanings and special meanings, associative, collocative, reflective, idiomatic, and so on. Leech et al (2001) distinguish the seven types of meanings, i.e. conceptual meanings, connotative meanings, stylistic meanings, affective meanings, reflective meanings, collocative meanings, and thematic meanings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phrase is usually in the form of words, but can also be in the form of phrases or sentences whose meaning is considered to be the opposite of the meaning of other expressions of the existing proposition. Then it can be concluded that the resulting meaning is the opposite not absolute opposite (Cruse, 2011;Klein & Murphy, 2001;Leech et al, 2001). According to Ruskhan (2011), opposite words can be divided into three types: (a) twin opposite, (b) multilevel opposite, and (c) cross opposite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semantic Relation of Place Toponymy: Reflection of Minangkabau Migration in the West Coast of Sumatra

Triana¹,

Kustati²,

Nelmawarni³

et al. 2022

Hum. J. ilm. ilmu-ilmu hum.

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This study aims to describe types of meanings and identify the semantic relations of place names, as well as explains the migration in Minangkabau on the West Coast of Sumatra. A qualitative research was used where sources of data were taken from interview, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and documents. The interview and FGD were conducted to society figures, community leaders and government officials. The documents include the names of 22 sub-districts in 11 districts from four provinces, written sources, and other relics related to the names. The findings show that the place names provide knowledge about the relations of the meaning and socio-cultural values. The relation among the meanings of the place names includes synonymy and antonym that reflects the migration of Minangkabau in West Coast of Sumatra. The results also indicated that toponymy studies are very important because the naming of places has not received attention among the communities and has not been a study of interest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semantic Relation of Place Toponymy: Reflection of Minangkabau Migration in the West Coast of Sumatra

Triana¹,

Kustati²,

Nelmawarni³

et al. 2022

Hum. J. ilm. ilmu-ilmu hum.

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“…The research compares the category of tense to the category of modality, based on the theoretical claims on the grammaticalization of English modal verbs provided by Sweetser (2002), Krug (2012), Narrog and van der Auwera (2012), Raumolin-Brunberg and Nurmi (2012) and Narrog and Heine (2021). The primary focus is on the principal modal verbs of the English language, as defined by Leech (1997), Biber et al (1999), Downing (2015) and Merriam-Webster Dictionary: can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should and must, as well as modal auxiliaries have to and had to.…”

Section: The Grammaticalization and The Category Of Tense Of English ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gramatika un vārddarināšana

2023

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JĀNIM ENDZELĪNAM -150Jānis Endzelīns ir viens no Latvijas visu laiku izcilākajiem zinātniekiem, jaunas nozares -baltistikas -pamatlicējs salīdzināmi vēsturiskajā valodniecībā. Būdams vācu jaungramatiķu skolas sekotājs, viņš attīstīja tālāk izpratni par baltu, slāvu un citu indoeiropiešu valodu vēsturi. Latvijas Universitātē profesors nodibināja pasaulē pirmo Baltu filoloģijas nodaļu. Uz zinātniskiem pamatiem veidoja un izkopa vienotu latviešu literāro valodu un rakstību, latvisku terminoloģiju, paplašināja vārdu krājumu un risināja aktuālus valodas prakses jautājumus izglītībā un kultūrā.J. Endzelīns dzimis Vidzemē, pie Valmieras, Kauguru pagasta Mičkēnā, mācījies Kauguru pagastskolā (1881-1884), Valmieras apriņķa skolā (1885-1888) un Rīgas pilsētas ģimnāzijā (1888)(1889)(1890)(1891)(1892). Studējis Tērbatas Universitātē klasisko filoloģiju (1893-1897), pēc tam slāvu filoloģiju (1897-1900) un abās nozarēs ieguvis kandidāta grādu. Lai sagatavotos akadēmiskajam darbam slāvu filoloģijā un salīdzināmajā valodniecībā, viņš tika atstāts universitātē divu gadu maģistrantūrā.Jau studiju laikā J. Endzelīns nolēma pievērsties dzimtās latviešu valodas pētīšanai. Viņa pirmos zinātniskos rakstus par latviešu valodas vēsturiskās fonētikas un morfoloģijas jautājumiem (1897, 1898) publicēja arī prestiži vācu valodniecības žurnāli (1899, 1901) un augstu novērtēja Eiropas valodnieki.Pedagoģisko darbību J. Endzelīns sāka Tērbatas Universitātē kā salīdzināmās un slāvu valodniecības privātdocents (1903)(1904)(1905)(1906)(1907)(1908)(1909): docēja latīņu valodas fonētiku un morfoloģiju, latīņu valodas vēsturisko gramatiku, grieķu dialektoloģiju, slāvu akcentoloģiju, sagatavoja un 1905. gadā aizstāvēja maģistra disertāciju salīdzināmajā valodniecībā -"Latviešu valodas prievārdi" ("Latyshskie predlogi", 1. daļa).Pēc tam J. Endzelīns strādāja Harkivas Universitātes (Харківський університет) Salīdzināmās valodniecības un sanskrita katedrā un Augstākajos sieviešu kursos privātdocenta, ārkārtas profesora un profesora amatā (1909)(1910)(1911)(1912)(1913)(1914)(1915)(1916)(1917)(1918)(1919)(1920): docēja ievadu valodniecībā, indoeiropiešu salīdzināmo gramatiku, ģermāņu valodu salīdzināmo gramatiku, sanskritu, lietuviešu, senprūšu, senpersu un citu valodu kursus, vadīja eksperimentālās fonētikas kabinetu. Salīdzinādams baltu un slāvu valodu skaņu un gramatiskās sistēmas, kā arī leksiku, viņš radīja versiju par seno baltu un slāvu valodu attiecībām un to izklāstīja grāmatā "Slāvu un baltu etīdes" ("Slavjano-baltijskie etjudy", 1911). Sanktpēterburgas Universitātē aizstāvējis to kā disertāciju, ieguva salīdzināmās valodniecības doktora grādu (1912). Strādājot Harkivas Universitātē, J. Endzelīns sagatavoja Getingenes grāmatu apgāda pasūtīto latviešu valodas salīdzināmi vēsturisko gramatiku "Lettische Grammatik" (1922, 1923).Jaundibinātās Latvijas Augstskolas (vēlākās Latvijas Universitātes) aicināts, J. Endzelīns 1920. gada maijā ieradās dzimtenē. Universitātē nostrādāja 30 gadus : bija Filoloģijas un filozofijas fakultātes dekāns (1920)(1921)(...

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“…Furthermore, the literature demonstrates that adjectives are significant in the English part of speech after nouns and verbs (Leech, 1989), functioning to portray people, things, and places (Alexander, 1990). Adjectives and other parts of speech are essential to convey messages (Soler, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjectival Collocations of The Word Bali in The Western Movies: Evidence from Three Corpora

Praminatih,

Koeswiryono

2023

Aksara

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Adjectival collocation could depict the representation of things, such as place and individuals, i.e., a particular group, ethnicity, or community. While extensive studies on adjectival collocation and representation have been conducted in the Western context, only a few studies exist to explore a specific place in Southeast Asia. Consequently, this study aims to explore the adjectival collocation and representation of the word Bali from the Western perspective through its movies. To achieve the study’s objectives, a corpus linguistics approach was applied by utilizing three English corpora: The TV Corpus (TV), The Movie Corpus (Movies), and the Corpus of American Soap Opera (Soap), where the highest adjectival collocations from each corpus were collected to scrutinize context and representation. The findings of this study revealed that the adjectival collocations of the three corpora demonstrated five critical representations of the word Bali in Western movies: tourism, religion, history, terrorism, and crime. Further, the adjectival collocation of the word Bali represented the island as an exotic tourist destination with unique local beliefs and a long history. The word Bali was also represented to experience terrorist attacks and drug smuggling cases that made headlines nationally and internationally. The representations of the word Bali in Western movies adhered to events that significantly affected the island. AbstrakKolokasi adjektiva dapat menggambarkan representasi suatu hal, seperti tempat dan orang, yang terdiri atas kelompok, etnis, atau komunitas tertentu. Meskipun studi ekstensif mengenai kolokasi adjektiva dan representasi telah dilakukan dalam konteks Barat, hanya sedikit studi yang mengeksplorasi suatu tempat tertentu di Asia Tenggara. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kolokasi adjektiva dan representasi kata Bali dari sudut pandang Barat melalui film. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian, pendekatan linguistik korpus diterapkan dengan menggunakan tiga korpora bahasa Inggris: TV Corpus (TV), The Movie Corpus (Movies), dan Corpus of American Soap Opera (Soap). Kolokasi adjektiva tertinggi dari tiap-tiap korpus dikumpulkan untuk meneliti konteks dan representasi. Temuan dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa kolokasi adjektiva dari ketiga korpora tersebut menunjukkan lima representasi kritis dari kata Bali dalam film Barat: pariwisata, agama, sejarah, terorisme, dan kriminalitas. Kolokasi adjektiva dari kata Bali merepresentasikan pulau ini sebagai tujuan wisata eksotis dengan kepercayaan lokal yang unik dan sejarah yang panjang. Selanjutnya, kata Bali juga direpresentasikan mengalami serangan teroris dan kasus penyelundupan narkoba yang menjadi berita utama secara nasional dan internasional. Representasi kata Bali dalam film Barat sejalan dengan peristiwa yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi pulau ini.

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Grammar and Problems of Usage

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Semantic Relation of Place Toponymy: Reflection of Minangkabau Migration in the West Coast of Sumatra

Semantic Relation of Place Toponymy: Reflection of Minangkabau Migration in the West Coast of Sumatra

Gramatika un vārddarināšana

Adjectival Collocations of The Word Bali in The Western Movies: Evidence from Three Corpora

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