‘Gramoxone’ W: Its effects on spores and mygelia of Rhizopus stolonifer

Wilkinson, Violet; Lucas, R. L.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(69)80064-1

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Third, grovi^th from spores of Rhizopus stolonifer was completely inhibited by paraquat. The effects of paraquat on germination of spores of R. stolonifer were subsequently examined further and these results are described elsewhere (Wilkinson and Lucas, 1969).…”

Section: Effects Of Herbicides On Fungal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Herbicides on the Growth of Soil Fungi

Wilkinson

Lucas

1969

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThree methods have been used to investigate the effects of a number of commercial herbicides on the growth of certain soil fungi: measurements of hyphal extension across agar plates; measurements of hyphal extension along sterilized plant material; and manometric techniques. Three points, in particular, emerged from these studies. First, that there was no stimulation of fungal growth. Herbicide interference in growth included suppression of spore germination, inhibition of the rate of linear extension of the mycelia, and abnormalities in growth habit and in patterns of spore production. Secondly, that some herbicides (e.g. linuron and paraquat) were more fungitoxic than others (e.g. MCPA and simazine) to a range of organisms. Thirdly, that there were differences between fungi in their sensitivity to individual herbicides. All three methods have shown consistent differences between fungi in their ability to tolerate paraquat. Trichoderma viride, in particular, has been found to be sensitive to paraquat. The inhibitory effects were observed at concentrations well within the range likely to be experienced in the field.

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Section: Effects Of Herbicides On Fungal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Herbicides on the Growth of Soil Fungi

Wilkinson

Lucas

1969

New Phytologist

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“…Wilkinson and Lucas (1969a) showed that 'Gramoxone W, a commercial formulation of paraquat, was selective against Trichoderma viride at concentrations well within the range likely to occur in sprayed vegetation in the field. Selectivity by low concentrations of this herbicide against the spores of Rhizopus stolonifer has also been reported (Wilkinson and Lucas, 1969b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Influence of Herbicides on the Competitive Ability of Fungi to Colonize Plant Tissues

Wilkinson

Lucas

1969

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYExperiments show that the presence of herbicide residues in plant remains may be a potent factor determining the outcome of competition between saprophytic fungi colonizing such substrates. Pairs of fungi were induced to compete with each other for a substrate both in the presence and in the absence of herbicides. In all cases the outcome of competition for a substrate incorporating the herbicide was different from that for the substrate alone. Paraquat sprayed on to potato haulm altered the outcome of competition between Trichoderma viride and Fusarium culmorum in favour of F. culmorum and the same herbicide on wheat chaff suppressed Rhizopus stolonifer in favour of Aspergillus niger. Treatment of leaves of Raphanus raphanistrum with MCPA altered the outcome of competition between Fenicillium notatum and Aspergillus niger in favour of A. niger.

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“…Thus, paraquat acts in the presence of light and the herbicidal activity increases with increased light intensity. Inhibitory effects of paraquat on mycelial growth of pathogens were reported in Rhizoctonia solani (Black et al, 1996), Rhizopus stolonifer (Wilkinson and Lukas, 1969), Sclerotium rolfsii (Kabana et al, 1966), Septoria nodorum and S. tritici (Harris & Grossbard, 1979;Jones & Williams, 1971), and to a lesser extend in Fusarium moniliforme (Rattanakreetakul et al, 1990). Paraquat seems to enhance the toxicity of fungicides as reported by Awadalla & El-Refaie (1994).…”

Section: Quaternary Ammonium Herbicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected Side Effects of Herbicides: Modulation of Plant-Pathogen Interactions

Kortekamp¹

2011

Herbicides and Environment

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‘Gramoxone’ W: Its effects on spores and mygelia of Rhizopus stolonifer

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Herbicides on the Growth of Soil Fungi

Effects of Herbicides on the Growth of Soil Fungi

Influence of Herbicides on the Competitive Ability of Fungi to Colonize Plant Tissues

Unexpected Side Effects of Herbicides: Modulation of Plant-Pathogen Interactions

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