“…A holistic approach would therefore be desirable for future research to capture the entire chemical diversity of arachnid venoms. This could also include research into whether particular components found in arachnid venoms are actually produced by the arachnid species itself or by microorganisms inhabiting their venom systems (Ul-Hasan et al, 2019;Esmaeilishirazifard et al, 2022;Cabezas-Cruz, 2023). In addition, a holistic approach should take into account that individual venom components often interact with others to potentiate activity and to provide synergistic effects (Lüddecke et al, 2022).…”