Grand Challenges in Marine Biotechnology: Overview of Recent EU-Funded Projects

Lauritano, Chiara; Ianora, Adrianna

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_11

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…At the present time, humans live longer than their ancestors, which means that they need more support from the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and biomedical fields to age better. Hence, research has been focusing on marine organisms to find new and alternative sources of natural compounds [154]. In the latest 20 years, more than 28 marine natural products and 175 chemical entities were found, and hundreds of new compounds are still being discovered every year, likely due to the advances in collection and molecular biology techniques [155,156].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the latest 20 years, more than 28 marine natural products and 175 chemical entities were found, and hundreds of new compounds are still being discovered every year, likely due to the advances in collection and molecular biology techniques [155,156]. To date, there are seven approved marine-derived drugs in clinical use, and about 26 natural products in phase I to phase III clinical trials [154].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine Collagen from Alternative and Sustainable Sources: Extraction, Processing and Applications

et al. 2020

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Due to its unique properties, collagen is used in the growing fields of pharmaceutical and biomedical devices, as well as in the fields of nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, food and beverages. Collagen also represents a valid resource for bioplastics and biomaterials, to be used in the emerging health sectors. Recently, marine organisms have been considered as promising sources of collagen, because they do not harbor transmissible disease. In particular, fish biomass as well as by-catch organisms, such as undersized fish, jellyfish, sharks, starfish, and sponges, possess a very high collagen content. The use of discarded and underused biomass could contribute to the development of a sustainable process for collagen extraction, with a significantly reduced environmental impact. This addresses the European zero-waste strategy, which supports all three generally accepted goals of sustainability: sustainable economic well-being, environmental protection, and social well-being. A zero-waste strategy would use far fewer new raw materials and send no waste materials to landfills. In this review, we present an overview of the studies carried out on collagen obtained from by-catch organisms and fish wastes. Additionally, we discuss novel technologies based on thermoplastic processes that could be applied, likewise, as marine collagen treatment.2 of 23 protective colloid functions and film-forming capacity. Also, collagen is a good surface-active agent, with its ability to penetrate lipid-free interfaces [2].Collagen can be utilized in a variety of applications because of its biocompatibility and excellent degradability [3,4]. Furthermore, it is known that collagen is a molecule with weak immunogenicity, which decreases the possibilities of rejection when it is ingested or injected into a different body. Although this molecule has already low antigenicity, this property can be enhanced by modifying it to suppress any immune response [5,6]. Additionally, collagen peptides and gelatin (denatured collagen) have been widely utilized in different fields such as food, medicine, cosmetics, leather and film industries, diagnostic imaging, and therapeutic delivery [7].For many years, most available collagen was extracted from discards from the bovine and porcine processing industries, but during the last few decades the use of collagen from these sources has been limited. The use of porcine and bovine-derived products is occasionally prevented by dietary regimes, due to specific needs or personal choices. It is forbidden by religious constraints, to Muslims, Hindus and Jews who make up 38.4% of the global population [8]. Moreover, the use of bovine-derived products became a concern for a wider section of the population during the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) crises that occurred over the last few decades in all areas of the world, mostly in the United Kingdom and Asia. Bovine-derived products might be a vehicle of transmission of these diseases ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Collagen from Alternative and Sustainable Sources: Extraction, Processing and Applications

et al. 2020

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“…Nevertheless, the interesting properties of microalgae for human health applications have increased the exploration and exploitation of a plethora of possible source environments. Recent European Union-funded projects, under both the Research and Innovation funding programmes 7th Framework Programme and Horizon 2020 (FP7 and H2020 programs, respectively), focused on microalgal bioactivities and their possible market applications (e.g., EMBRIC, GIAVAP, PharmaSea and SUNBIOPATH) [145].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae with Immunomodulatory Activities

2019

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Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms adapted to live in very different environments and showing an enormous biochemical and genetic diversity, thus representing an excellent source of new natural products with possible applications in several biotechnological sectors. Microalgae-derived compounds have shown several properties, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory. In the last decade, compounds stimulating the immune system, both innate immune response and adaptive immune response, have been used to prevent and fight various pathologies, including cancer (cancer immunotherapy). In this review we report the microalgae that have been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties, the cells and the cellular mediators involved in the mechanisms of action and the experimental models used to test immunostimulatory activities. We also report information on fractions or pure compounds from microalgae identified as having immunostimulatory activity. Given the increasing interest in microalgae as new eco-friendly source of bioactive compounds, we also discuss their possible role as source of new classes of promising drugs to treat human pathologies.

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“…The vast ocean extension and its unique environments are characterized by huge taxonomic and chemical diversity of marine organisms [ 2 , 3 ], and it has been classified, already in the 1980s, as the largest reservoir of natural products to be evaluated for their activity as drugs [ 4 ]. Recently, several projects worldwide, such as those funded by European Union under the FP7 and H2020 frameworks, focused on the exploitation of marine organisms in order to identify new products for applications in different industrial sectors (e.g., pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, aquaculture, and energy sectors) [ 5 ]. In addition, many of these projects, under the topic “Blue growth”, focused on more environmental-friendly approaches to drug discovery in order to identify new lead compounds for the treatment of human pathologies without any negative impact on the marine environment and focusing on easily cultivable organisms, especially microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten-Year Research Update Review: Antiviral Activities from Marine Organisms

et al. 2020

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Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet and are characterized by huge taxonomic and chemical diversity of marine organisms. Several studies have shown that marine organisms produce a variety of compounds, derived from primary or secondary metabolism, which may have antiviral activities. In particular, certain marine metabolites are active towards a plethora of viruses. Multiple mechanisms of action have been found, as well as different targets. This review gives an overview of the marine-derived compounds discovered in the last 10 years. Even if marine organisms produce a wide variety of different compounds, there is only one compound available on the market, Ara-A, and only another one is in phase I clinical trials, named Griffithsin. The recent pandemic emergency caused by SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19, highlights the need to further invest in this field, in order to shed light on marine compound potentiality and discover new drugs from the sea.

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Grand Challenges in Marine Biotechnology: Overview of Recent EU-Funded Projects

Cited by 25 publications

References 87 publications

Marine Collagen from Alternative and Sustainable Sources: Extraction, Processing and Applications

Marine Collagen from Alternative and Sustainable Sources: Extraction, Processing and Applications

Microalgae with Immunomodulatory Activities

Ten-Year Research Update Review: Antiviral Activities from Marine Organisms

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