Granite Exploration by using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI): A Case Study in Johor

Abstract

Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) is a tool used in near surface geophysical surveys by flowing an electric current through electrodes that were injected into the ground. The usage of electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) method dominated by geophysicist has increased tremendously in geotechnical engineering application owing to the efficiency and effectiveness of the method in term of time, cost and also data coverage. The survey performed with respect to the particular reference to ERI in determining the granite rock underneath the ground. There were seven (7) lines of ERI performed at the study area by using ABEM Terrameter LS 2 set of equipment based on Schlumberger protocol. Six (6) boreholes were also drilled to obtain engineering properties of rock at the study area. In order to develop the relationship between resistivity and engineering properties, a comparison between borehole field test result and the resistivity value were made. Results from the ERI indicated the presence of zones with high resistivity values identified as overburden soil, fractured granite and solid granite. The findings of this study also showed that the electrical resistivity imaging coupled with borehole drillings were applicable tools for the determination of the granite rock underneath the ground via subsurface profiles and such as depth of overburden soil and engineering properties of soil. In conclusion, ERI is a method that does not disturb the structure or the function of the soil which successfully became the best method in exploring the granite rock.

Experimental investigations on physico-mechanical properties of kaolinite clay soil stabilized at optimum silica fume content using clamshell ash and lime

“…Kaolinitic clay soils mixed with 4% SF and lime ensued in a depletion in maximum dry density value, an increment in optimum moisture content value, and improved undrained shears strength 19 , 26 , 27 . Soft clays mixed with SF and lime significantly increase workability and strength, reducing soil plasticity 28 – 30 . Expansive soil blended with various proportions of metakaolin and SF significantly altered soil plasticity and compaction parameters 29 , 31 , 32 .…”

Shear Strength of Soft Soil Reinforced with Singular Bottom Ash Column

“…Therefore, it has a high potential to replace conventional aggregates for various engineering purposes. Beneficial use of bottom ash as replacement material in stone column offer an attractive alternative of disposal due to the substantial economic savings which can be attained by the reduction of ash disposal costs and the conservation of natural soils and lands [17][18][19]. This study is therefore aimed in investigating the enhancement of strength of soft clays when it is reinforced with singular bottom ash column as a replacement for the stone column.…”

Stabilization of Expansive Soil using Silica Fume and Lime

“…Incorporating SF into soft clays improves workability and strength while mitigating soil plasticity [10,11]. Similarly, lime is recognized as a viable cementitious material that, when mixed with other soil stabilizers, amplifies pozzolanic reactivity [12][13][14]. In this study, the focus lies on investigating the impact of varying proportions and combinations of silica fume (SF) (2%, 4%, and 6%) and lime (L) (3%, 6%, and 9%) as soil stabilizers on the strength development of expansive clay soil.…”