Texturally complex minerals can provide critical information on dynamic hydrothermal processes. This study combines cathodoluminescence (CL), laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and high-resolution femtosecond laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS) analyses, to document textures, in-situ Sr-Nd isotope systematics, and trace element compositions of texturally-complex scheelite from the Yangjiashan W deposit, South China. The major motivation for this contribution was to reveal the correlation between CL response, textures, and trace element concentrations; document the origin of various REE fractionation patterns; and to characterize grain scale in-situ variability of Sr-Nd isotopes of scheelite. Five sub-types of scheelite from both stages, including Sch1 and Sch2 from Stage 1, and Sch3 to Sch5 from Stage 2, are identified. CL images feature complex oscillatory, patchy, and evidence for coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reaction. These scheelites precipitated from reduced fluids and are close to endmember in composition, with Mo concentrations below 46 ppm. Concentrations of other elements vary: Sr (36-1,025 ppm); Nd (8-351 ppm); and Na (7-300 ppm). LA-ICP-MS element maps reveal a large variability in REE concentrations among oscillatory zones, and no consistent behavior between REE, Sr and Mo concentration, and CL intensity. Four distinct chondrite-normalized REE fractionation patterns are recognized: LREE-enriched, MREE-enriched, HREE-enriched, and flat patterns. Complex Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.2 to 20.7) are recognized among the five sub-types and are commonly observed within individual grains. Fluid compositions, different substitution mechanisms (i.e., Ca 2+ + W 6+ = REE 3+ + Nb 5+ , and 2Ca 2+ = REE 3+ + Na + , 3Ca 2+ = 2REE 3+Ca -site vacancy), primary-secondary processes (i.e., This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America. The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press.