Granulation: A Review on Pharmaceutical Wet-Granulation

Kristensen, H. G.; Schæfer, Torben

doi:10.3109/03639048709105217

Cited by 191 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The continuous granulator parameters were scheduled (Table 1) after Aulton and Banks [20], who listed parameters of a fluidbed granulation process in three categories: equipment variables, process variables and product variables. Kristensen and Schaefer used the same categories with emphasis on both fluid-bed and high shear mixing-granulation [21].…”

Section: Gewijzigde Veldcodementioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time assessment of critical quality attributes of a continuous granulation process

Fonteyne

Vercruysse

Díaz

et al. 2011

Pharmaceutical Development and Technology

104

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There exists the intention to shift pharmaceutical manufacturing of solid dosage forms from traditional batch production towards continuous production. The currently applied conventional quality control systems, based on sampling and time-consuming off-line analyses in analytical laboratories, would annul the advantages of continuous processing. It is clear that real-time quality assessment and control is indispensable for continuous production. This manuscript evaluates strengths and weaknesses of several complementary Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools implemented in a continuous wet granulation process, which is part of a fully continuous from powder-to-tablet production line. The use of Raman and NIR spectroscopy and a particle size distribution analyzer is evaluated for the real-time monitoring of critical parameters during the continuous wet agglomeration of an anhydrous theophylline -lactose blend. The solid state characteristics and particle size of the granules were analyzed in real-time and the critical process parameters influencing these granule characteristics were identified. The temperature of the granulator barrel, the amount of granulation liquid added and, to a lesser extent, the powder feed rate were the parameters influencing the solid state of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). A higher barrel temperature and a higher powder feed rate, resulted in larger granules.

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Section: Gewijzigde Veldcodementioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time assessment of critical quality attributes of a continuous granulation process

Fonteyne

Vercruysse

Díaz

et al. 2011

Pharmaceutical Development and Technology

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The granules used in the experiments were initially fabricated by wet granulation [37] corn starch (Sigma Aldrich, UK), which is commonly used in pharmaceutical industries as a binder, disintegrant, lubricant and bulking agent in their manufacturing processes. For this, a known quantity of starch powder was used as a raw excipient and a coloured 5% starch paste as a binder for granulating the starch.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does internal angle of hoppers affect granular flow? Experimental studies using digital particle image velocimetry

Albaraki

Antony

2014

Powder Technology

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Abstract.Mechanical behaviour of powders and grains often displays features of solid-like and liquidlike characteristics of matter. In spite of processing granular materials quite extensively in the industries, their flow behaviour is still complex to understand under different process conditions. In this paper, using Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) and high speed videography, we probe systematically on the spatial and temporal distribution of the velocity fields of pharmaceutical excipient granules flowing though smooth hoppers with different internal (orifice) angles. This helps to visualise and identify the locations and formation of the flow channels and conversely the stagnation zones of granular materials inside the hoppers as a function of the internal angle of the hoppers. We show that even when a powder characterised as a free-flowing type in the conventional sense could experience a significant level of hindrance to flow when passing through smooth hoppers of different internal angles and its impact increases with increase in the internal angle. Theoretical predictions are made using experimentally evaluated grain-scale properties as input parameters for understanding the effects of hopper angle on the granular flow rate. A good level of agreement is obtained between the experimental and theoretical estimates of the granular flow rate in terms of the hopper angle. The outcomes presented here are a step forward in designing granular flow devices more efficiently in the future.

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“…Granulation Technology: GT comprises the art and science for process and production of granules 1,5,6,8 . All over the world granulation was done either by wetgranulation or by dry-granulation process.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Particle-particle Interactions During Granulatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2013

IJPSR

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To provide an updated technical note on granulation technology (GT), mostly on novel GT, that will help researcher working/engaged in designing an efficient GT for getting granules with desired features. Granules were most widely used in the production of pharmaceutical oral dosage forms. Advancement in GT had revolutionized the sphere and resulted in development of several processes. Each and every process had advantages and disadvantages, and limitations. Depth knowledge in GT was a prerequisite to process product for obtaining targeted granulation with desired product parameters. In this regards updated literatures were collected from data bases, studied and was presented for easy reference of scientists engaged in granule production, so that they can adopt appropriate and suitable GT. Presented handy note will help researchers in designing a robust GT for getting optimised granule.

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Granulation: A Review on Pharmaceutical Wet-Granulation

Cited by 191 publications

References 52 publications

Real-time assessment of critical quality attributes of a continuous granulation process

Real-time assessment of critical quality attributes of a continuous granulation process

How does internal angle of hoppers affect granular flow? Experimental studies using digital particle image velocimetry

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