Granule size distribution for a multi-chamber fluidized-bed melt granulator: Modeling and validation using process measurement data

Dynamic Multi-Zone Population Balance Model of Particle Formulation in Fluidized Beds

“…(8) Here it is to mention that particles end up in the filter implemented above each process chamber if the fluidization velocity u f,i is larger than the particle elutriation velocity u P,e : (11) In order to estimate the influence of the weirs, the number density fluxes of particles leaving the process chamber in different ways are determined by separation functions T. These depend on the weir geometry and the particle properties. In the presented model there is the possibility to choose and parameterize pre-defined function types:…”

“…A mathematical model for ice crystallization in a scraped surface heat exchanger was coupled with PBE and product residence time distribution by Arellano et al [10]. Bertin et al [11] developed a steady-state model of a multichamber fluidized-bed granulator used for urea production, validated and include pure coating or the combined mechanisms of coating and elutriation. In order to predict the process dynamics of a continuous Wurster coating process, a macroscopic PBM was developed by Hampel et al [12], considering particle growth.…”

Experimental investigation of process stability of continuous spray fluidized bed layering with external product separation

“…Schütte et al (1998) presented their data in a patent without further interpretation and without explanations regarding reproducibility. Besides Heinrich et al (2002), Radichkov et al (2006) and Dreyschultze et al (in press), a wide range of authors deal with these oscillations of PSD in simulations (for example Bück et al, 2015;Cotabarren et al, 2010;Dosta et al, 2010;Drechsler et al, 2005;Heinrich et al, 2003;Palis and Kienle, 2012;Palis and Kienle, 2014) or use them to motivate the need of process control or better models (for example Bertin et al, 2013;Cotabarren et al, 2011). But none of these references includes an experimental proof of the occurrence of PSD oscillations.…”

Feedback control strategies for a continuous industrial fluidized-bed granulation process

“…This tool was first introduced in the field of statistical mechanics by Hulburt and Katz [14] and later applied to the field of particulate process, among many others, by Randolph and Larson [15], Hounslow et al [16], Ramkrishna et al [17], Peglow et al [3] and Li et al [18]. In fact, the population balance equation allows predicting the change of distributed selected particle properties (e.g., size) by different mechanisms, although it is commonly defined by a complex partial integrodifferential equation [9,19].…”

“…constitutes the granulation circuit [7]. The operation of granulation circuits is not simple and often presents operational challenges, which force them to work with a capacity less than the nominal one and with high recycle ratios that overload all the process units [8,9]. Furthermore, the design and operation of these circuits are often performed by trial and error and based on previous experiences [4].…”