Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) secretion by adherent monocytes measured by quantitative immunoassays

Abstract

The kinetics of GM‐CSF and G‐CSF secretion by purified adherent human monocytes were studied by quantitative immunoassays. Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1); 4–40 ng/ml and E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS); 0.1–100 ng/ml, were the most effective stimuli and induced dose‐dependent secretion of both GM‐CSF and G‐CSF. Secretion of newly synthesized CSF was detectable 3–6 hours after stimulation and continued for approximately 24 h. Twenty minutes pulse exposure to LPS was sufficient to induce half maximum secretion of GM‐CSF, and after 24–36 h the adherent monocytes could not be restimulated. Neither GM‐CSF nor TNF could down‐regulate the secretion of GM‐CSF. IL‐3 induced a minor secretion of GM‐CSF whereas TNF, G‐CSF, M‐CSF and IFN‐gamma were unable to induce GM‐CSF secretion. In addition to LPS and IL‐1, GM‐CSF and to a minor degree TNF induced G‐CSF secretion. Enriched T lymphocytes secreted GM‐CSF, but not G‐CSF, after stimulation with PHA or staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), whereas LPS and IL‐1 were without stimulatory effects. We also noted that enriched T lymphocytes added to LPS‐stimulated adherent monocytes at ratios of 1:10 or more inhibited, in a dose‐dependent fashion, GM‐CSF secretion by 13–55%. These findings add new quantitative data on CSF secretion by human monocytes.

The mRNA expressions and immunohistochemistry of factors involved in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the early stage of rat skin incision wounds

“…PAI1, CSF3, and MMP9 mRNAs and protein immunoreactivity were present in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and some leukocytes at the bottom of the wound tissue (Fig. 3), which is in accordance with the previous findings [66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. These results indicate the involvement of these cells in the wound healing process.…”

Molecular cloning and expression of cDNAs for two distinct granulocyte colony stimulating factor genes from black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii

“…Increased production and release of GCSF has been observed following stimulation with LPS [24][25][26][27][28], PHA and PMA [29], IL-1 [30], IL-3 [29], IL-4 [31], GM-CSF [30], TNF-a and IFN-g [32], and Mycobacterium avium [33]. In addition, stimulation with LPS or a variety of cytokines including TNF-a, IFN-g, IL-1, and GM-CSF have been shown to promote G-CSF production by fibroblasts, endothelial cells, T-lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear granulocytes [34][35][36][37].…”

The Role of CD40/CD40 Ligand Interactions in Bone Marrow Granulopoiesis

“…G-CSF is produced by monocytes and macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IL-1, IL-3, GM-CSF, TNF α , and interferon (IFN)- γ [44–48]. It controls the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of cells along the granulocytic pathway and is necessary for their terminal differentiation to mature neutrophils [49–51].…”