Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) of the breast: sonographic findings.

Hiorns, Melanie P.; Murfitt, Janet

doi:10.2214/ajr.169.6.9393183

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…9 The sonographic appearance of acute myeloid leukemia in the breast has been reported as areas of mixed echogenicity with or without some acoustic shadowing. [10][11][12] Isolated extramedullary relapses of ALL in young adults are rare and are usually localized in the central nervous system, testes, or both, al- though relapses in the ovaries, kidneys, eyes, muscles, and bones have also been reported. 13,14 Microscopic involvement by ALL in the breast has been found at autopsy in patients with acute disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse in the breast diagnosed with gray‐scale and color Doppler sonography

Likaki-Karatza

Mpadra

Karamouzis

et al. 2002

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Extramedullary relapses of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children and young adults are rare and in most cases are localized in the central nervous system, testes, or both. We describe a rare case of extramedullary relapse of ALL in the breast of a 17-year-old girl. The patient, who had been diagnosed with ALL 1 year before and had been in complete remission for 5 months, was admitted to the hospital for investigation of a mass in her left breast. On clinical examination, she had a large, palpable, nontender mass in her left breast. Mammography revealed a very dense mass. On gray-scale and power Doppler sonography, the appearance of the mass was consistent with malignancy. Histopathologic examination of a surgical biopsy specimen permitted accurate diagnosis of ALL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse in the breast diagnosed with gray‐scale and color Doppler sonography

Likaki-Karatza

Mpadra

Karamouzis

et al. 2002

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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“…In both AML and ALL cases, the median time was 12 months after diagnosis, but some relapses occurred late. Nine AML breast relapses occurred between 3 and 10 years [6–14] and four cases in ALL occurred 3–7 years after diagnosis [15, 16, Milpied N. Unpublished case. 2010, Dutra AP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A basis for updating our approach to resistant acute leukemia

Cunningham

2012

American J Hematol

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No studies exist documenting that chemotherapy alone eradicates tumors composed of leukemic cells in a large group of patients with tumors at any one site. Yet, its use has continued over 40 years in the absence of data. Consensus protocols exist only for testis and meningeal tumors, relying on local therapy. To constitute a body of knowledge about tumors at one site, the breast was chosen and all published cases were analyzed, with follow-up obtained, to document the behavior of acute leukemia tumors and survival after presentation. Among 235 cases (52% published since 2000), overall survival was poor, particularly for the 43% with concurrent morphologic marrow relapse, with 66-73% one-year mortality. Only 4 of 106 patients treated with chemotherapy alone survived 4 years. The majority of AML and ALL tumors were only transiently responsive to anti-leukemia treatments, including transplant, and next relapses were as, or more, common in further tumors than in marrow. A pattern of tumors similar to the metastases of invasive lobular breast cancer was revealed. When relapse occurred in marrow, durable remission was only rarely obtained. These data suggest a potential benefit of incorporating extent of disease workup at diagnosis and relapse into prospective trials. This could yield an accurate incidence of extramedullary tumors and a means to identify occult residual disease which could lead to marrow relapse. This approach could potentially result in greater success in curing acute leukemias. Am. J. Hematol. 87:251-257, 2012. V

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“…Alternatively, enlargement of the breast with diffusely coarse parenchyma may be seen. [2][3][4][5][6]8 Sonographically, Son and Oh 2 reported multiple variably sized homogeneously hypoechoic nodules, hypoechoic nodules with central echogenicity, and a heterogeneously hypoechoic mass. Hiorns and Murfitt 5 and Kinoshita et al 6 reported irregular hypoechoic masses with posterior shadowing, and Guermazi et al 4 reported a large hypoechoic mass with spiculation and angular margins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the sonographic findings that have been reported are not specific for myeloid sarcoma, there were suspicious findings of irregular hypoechoic masses in previous reports. [2][3][4][5][6] We report a case of myeloid sarcoma involving the breast with radiologic findings mimicking hamartoma on sonography.…”

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confidence: 99%