Granulocytic Sarcoma (Chloroma)

Guermazi, Ali; Féger, C.; Rousselot, Philippe; Merad, Myriam; Benchaib, N.; Bourrier, P.; Mariette, X; Frija, J.; Kerviler, É. de

doi:10.2214/ajr.178.2.1780319

Cited by 121 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Since the tumor can develop, in rare occasions, before bone marrow is infiltrated with blasts, it is termed isolated or primary MS, which occurs in the absence of a history of leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm confirmed by a negative bone marrow biopsy. This presentation has been described in limited case reports [3, 13, 20-22]. …”

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Myeloid sarcoma (MS) was originally described by Burns in 1811, but it was not until later in 1853, when it was investigated by King who reported it as “a green colored tumor.” In 1966, Rappaport proposed the term “granulocytic sarcoma.” It was not until 2002, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the name “myeloid sarcoma” [2]. The MS reputation as a green tumor is attributed due to high myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression, and that is how it got its alternative name “chloroma.” However, myeloid sarcoma seems to be the most frequently used term, since around 30% do not show MPO positivity [3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myeloid Sarcoma

et al. 2019

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Hematological malignancies can manifest as extramedullary soft tissue masses in relatively rare cases. The rarity of it causes a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. One of the rarest manifestations is myeloid sarcoma (MS). MS develops as part of acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasm, or myelodysplastic syndrome or at relapse, especially following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The tumor displays high myeloperoxidase expression, hence the color green, and is called chloroma. It most commonly appears in lymph nodes, skin and soft tissues, bone, testes, gastrointestinal tract, and peritoneum. Immunohistochemistry shows CD68-KP1 as the most commonly expressed marker, then myeloperoxidase, CD117, CD99, CD68/PG-M1, lysozyme, CD34, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, CD56, CD61, CD30, glycophorin A, and CD4. Different chromosomal abnormalities including MLL rearrangement, t(8; 21), monosomy 7, trisomy 8, trisomy 11, trisomy 4, inversion (16), monosomy 16,16q deletion, 5q deletion, and 20q deletion were reported. Most of the literature about MS are case reports and small retrospective studies, thus there is limited clinical knowledge of the cases and their presentation and management plans. Here, we provide a review of what has been reported in the literature about MS in the light of our experiences.

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Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myeloid Sarcoma

et al. 2019

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“…Granulocytic sarcomas, also known as chloromas or extramedullary myeloblastomas, refer to masses of granulocytic precursors cells. They are usually seen in children with acute myelogenous leukemia and can involve any part of body, but commonly seen in orbits, subcutaneous tissue and other sites like paranasal sinuses, lymph nodes, bone, spine, brain [6] . They are seen as isodense or hyperdense well defined masses on unenhanced CT, hypointense or isointense on T1-weighted MR images, isointense or hyperintense on T2-weighted MR images showing homogeneous contrast enhancement.…”

Section: Cns Involvement By Leukemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of CT & MRI in the Imaging Spectrum of Central Nervous System Complications in Paediatric Leukemias

FRCR¹

2017

jmscr

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“…But it has rarely been reported as an isolated manifestation in non-leukemic patients (1). MS has been found in almost every anatomic location, and it more commonly occurs in the skin, bone, soft tissue, lymph nodes and central nervous system (CNS) (1)(2)(3). However, involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, is uncommon, and radiologic findings of stomach involvement have been rarely reported in the literature (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%