Granulocytic Sarcoma in Breast after Bone Marrow Transplantation

Abstract

Granulocytic sarcoma is a localized extramedullary solid tumor composed of immature myeloid cell and is usually associated with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Although it can involve any site, commonly in lymph nodes, skin, bone and soft tissue, the involvement of breast is unusual. Especially, the involvement of the breast as a pattern of relapse after bone marrow transplantation is extremely rare. We have experienced 2 cases of granulocytic sarcoma after bone marrow transplantation. One case was a 39-year-old woman with right breast mass diagnosed with granulocytic sarcoma. She had received an unrelated bone marrow transplantation due to biphenotype acute leukemia 3 years before our presentation. Another case was a 48-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia, who was diagnosed with granulocytic sarcoma on both breasts 8 months after allogenic bone marrow transplantation. We also discuss the clinicopathologic features of granulocytic sarcoma in breast after bone marrow transplantation.

Breast and dorsal spine relapse of granulocytic sarcoma after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myelomonocytic leukemia: A case report

“…Granulocytic sarcoma relapse following allo-HSCT of AML is extremely rare[ 7 ]. A European retrospective analysis reported that GS occurred 4-56 mo after HSCT in less than 1% of transplanted patients[ 8 ].…”

Sonographic Features of a Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast as a Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia After Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Case Report

“…Myeloid sarcoma is also known as granulocytic sarcoma, monocytic sarcoma, extramedullary myeloid cell tumor, myeloblastoma, and chloroma [1]. The term “chloroma” was initially adopted owing to the greenish color assumed by the tumor cells on myeloperoxidase staining [1]; the term is currently not in use because not all tumor cells assumed a greenish color on staining [14].…”

“…Myeloid sarcoma can affect any part of the body, and the most commonly affected sites are the lymph nodes, skin, bones, central nervous system, and soft tissue [14]. Breast involvement is rarely observed in myeloid sarcoma [2,13].…”

Ultrasound Findings in a Case of Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast

“…Myeloid sarcoma, also known as extramedullary myeloid cell tumor, myeloblastoma or chloroma, is a rare, solid extramedullary tumor originating from immature granulocytic cells or monocytes. It frequently invades the bone, soft tissues, lymph nodes, skin, and paranasal sinuses [ 1 2 3 ]. Myeloid sarcoma, which can be seen in 2–14% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, is mostly seen together with chronic myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes [ 1 2 3 4 5 ].…”

“…It frequently invades the bone, soft tissues, lymph nodes, skin, and paranasal sinuses [ 1 2 3 ]. Myeloid sarcoma, which can be seen in 2–14% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, is mostly seen together with chronic myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes [ 1 2 3 4 5 ]. Breast involvement without an aleukemic or myeloproliferative disorder is extremely rare [ 3 4 6 7 8 9 ].…”