Granulomatous mural folliculitis in a dog treated with ciclosporin and methotrexate

Abstract

Background Canine granulomatous mural folliculitis is a very rare cause of scarring alopecia with unknown pathogenesis. Hypothesis/objectives To report a case of granulomatous mural folliculitis in a dog treated with ciclosporin (Cs) and methotrexate (MTX). Animal A 13‐year‐old spayed female Pyrenean shepherd dog with a one month history of scarring alopecia. Methods and results Histopathological examination revealed a granulomatous and lymphocytic mural and necrotizing folliculitis and furunculosis. Immunochemistry, using antibodies for CD3, CD204, CD206, IBA‐1 and CD208, revealed that CD3+ lymphocytes were infiltrating the outer root sheath along with IBA‐1+ or CD204+ cells. Ciclosporin (5 mg/kg once daily) and MTX (0.25 mg/kg once weekly then 0.5 mg/kg once weekly) were initiated simultaneously, and Cs was stopped after stabilization of the lesions. The dog's skin disease was stable for six months. Conclusions and clinical importance To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the long‐term management of a granulomatous mural folliculitis in a dog. Ciclosporin and MTX appeared to be an effective treatment option. Additional treated cases are needed to assess the effectiveness of MTX in canine immune‐mediated diseases.

Granulomatous mural folliculitis in a dog treated with ciclosporin

“…1,3 In the case described by Declercq and Vercauteren, an underlying drug reaction to amoxicillin clavulanate and/or tolfenamine acid was suspected. 4 However, no drugs or vaccine triggers were implicated by Panzuti et al 5 For the case described herein, onset of lesions was reported to occur several months prior to initiation of therapies, thus no drug or vaccine triggers were suspected.…”

“…once daily) and subcutaneous methotrexate injections (0.25 mg/kg once weekly for 2 weeks, then 0.5 mg/kg once weekly thereafter) given for 4 months, followed by discontinuation of ciclosporin and maintenance with weekly methotrexate injections at 0.5 mg/kg for an additional 8 months until the dog was lost to follow up. 5 Pruritus and skin lesions resolved for this dog, and some hair regrowth occurred, though cicatricial alopecia remained on parts of the face, abdomen, and legs. Granulomatous mural folliculitis is often reported to be associated with an adverse drug reaction, though the wide range reported in clinical and histopathologic severity could suggest a more varied eitiology.…”

A Pre-Neoplastic Lesion: A Case Study

“…Activation of virus and prehistoric activation protein in viruses, can still activate protein activation system and bacterial immunity in problems, still virus and pre-problem immunity protein in inflammatory family problems). The disease is locally, but with low metastatic potential, there is an early diagnosis, it has a good prognosis, however, it can occur [8]. In cats, they mainly serve the ears and nasal region, while in dogs they mainly serve the digits and eyelids.…”

Granulomatous mural folliculitis in 16 domestic goats: Infection with malignant catarrhal fever viruses and colocalization with ovine herpesvirus-2 using in situ hybridization

“…3 Idiopathic GMF has also been recently described in a canine case report, in which stabilization of skin lesions was achieved with combination immunosuppressive therapy. 31 Equine linear alopecia is another idiopathic entity with GMF, clinically characterized by circular areas of alopecia arranged in a linear, vertically-oriented configuration on the neck, shoulders, and/or lateral thorax. 40…”

“…3 Idiopathic GMF has also been recently described in a canine case report, in which stabilization of skin lesions was achieved with combination immunosuppressive therapy. 31 Equine linear alopecia is another idiopathic entity with GMF, clinically characterized by circular areas of alopecia arranged in a linear, vertically-oriented configuration on the neck, shoulders, and/or lateral thorax. 40 Domestic goats have many different skin diseases with overlapping gross lesions; however, the known differential diagnoses for caprine GMF are limited to OvHV-2 infection and dermatophytosis.…”