Grape Rootstock Response to Salinity, Water and Combined Salinity and Water Stresses

Abstract

Diminishing availability of non-saline water in arid and semiarid regions is of concern to all irrigated agricultural producers, including wine and grape producers. Grapes are not a salt tolerant crop and producers often face the choice of either limiting fresh water application, using alternative saline waters or a combination of both. We examined the salt tolerance and effect of restricted water application on three purported salt tolerant rootstocks grafted to Cabernet Sauvignon scion in a 4-year replicated field experiment. ANOVA indicated significant effects of salinity water stress and rootstock on fruit yields. The 140 Ruggeri scion was the top producer across all treatments including control, followed by Salt Creek, with St. George significantly less productive than 140 Ruggeri across all treatments. In terms of salt tolerance, Salt Creek and 140 Ruggeri were not statistically different but St. George was significantly less tolerant than Salt Creek. In terms of drought tolerance (relative yield), there were no statistical differences among rootstocks. Soil salinity profiles and soil moisture sensors indicated reduced water consumption under high salinity, thus no matric stress under 60% of optimal water application when high salt stress was present. The multiplicative stress model where salt and water stress are individually evaluated did not satisfactorily predict yield under combined salinity and reduced water application, likely due to decreased water consumption under saline conditions. Short term (one year) experiments underestimate salt damage to grape vines as salt tolerance decreased over the 4-year experiment.

Putrescine-functionalized carbon quantum dot (put-CQD) nanoparticles effectively prime grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Sultana’) against salt stress

“…Salinity stress is known to alter biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites like carotenoids [ 35 ]. Decrease in carotenoids of grapevine under salt stress might be due to induction of the pathway for abscisic acid production in order to modulate plant growth [ 32 ]. Increased carotenoids improve plant tolerance to stress condition due to quenching of ROS and preserving chloroplast from photo oxidation under stress conditions through their non-enzymatic antioxidant function [ 36 ].…”

“…Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) is considered as one of the most important, added-value agricultural products cultivated worldwide, consequently with significant economic importance [ 31 ]. Grapevine, relatively sensitive to salt stress, suffers significant losses in growth and productivity and also fruit quality under salinity conditions [ 32 ].…”

Salinity Depression in Vitro Impress the Growth Potential and, Mediates the Antioxidants Pool and the Tolerance Genes Expression of Grapevine

“…Salinity damage is dependent upon the NaCl concentration, treatment time-course, and cultivar type. Several researchers have veri ed the mentioned side effects of salinity on plant 35,38 . Salinity impedes the vegetative and reproductive growth by the direct or indirect action on the physiological dynamics of cells and whole plants.…”

Crop Evapotranspiration

“…Guenette and Hernandez-Ramirez [12] evaluated the effect of soil compaction in conjunction with irrigation treatments in faba beans and found that maintaining high soil water content helps offset compaction damage. Suarez et al [13] evaluated the combined abiotic stresses of deficit irrigation and saline water on different wine (Cabernet Sauvignon) rootstocks. Unlike previous work, these researchers found that salinity stress does not reduce growth and ET further than drought stress alone at intermediate and severe deficit irrigations (less than 60% of the control), which is contrary to the FAO-56 model, where drought and salinity stresses are multiplicative.…”