Grape Rootstocks and Related Species

Rahemi, Alireza; Peterson, Jean C. Dodson; Lund, Karl True

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99407-5

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Historically, its productivity has been endangered by its high susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses, leading to the widespread practice of grafting V. vinifera cultivars on rootstocks derived from a handful of wild grape species [1,2]. The Vitis genus is composed of ~70 interfertile species [3] with the North American wild species holding particular significance due to their extensive genetic diversity and historical contribution to the development of disease-resistant cultivars and rootstocks [2]. The geographical distribution of the grape species in North America contributes to their diverse array of stress tolerance traits (e.g., salt and drought tolerance, resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases, etc).…”

Section: Ntroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A super-pangenome of the North American wild grape species

Cochetel

Minio

García

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Capturing the genetic diversity of wild relatives is crucial for improving crops because wild species are valuable sources of agronomic traits that are essential to enhance the sustainability and adaptability of domesticated cultivars. Genetic diversity across a genus can be captured in super-pangenomes, which provide a framework for interpreting genomic variations. Here we report the sequencing, assembly, and annotation of nine wild North American grape genomes, which were phased and scaffolded at chromosome scale. We generated a reference-unbiased super-pangenome using pairwise whole-genome alignment methods, revealing the full resolution of genomic diversity among wild grape species from sequence to gene level. The pangenome graph captured genomic variation between haplotypes within a species and across the different species, and it accurately assessed the similarity of hybrids to their parents. The species selected to build the pangenome ensured a comprehensive representation of the genus, as illustrated by capturing known allelic variants in the sex-determining region and for Pierce's disease resistance loci. Using pangenome-wide association analysis (pan-GWAS), we demonstrated the utility of the super-pangenome by effectively mapping short-reads from genus-wide samples and identifying loci associated with salt tolerance in natural populations of grapes. This study highlights how a reference-unbiased super-pangenome can reveal the genetic basis of the adaptive traits from wild relatives, potentially accelerating crop breeding research.

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Section: Ntroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A super-pangenome of the North American wild grape species

Cochetel

Minio

García

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Own-rooted V. vinifera have been planted for centuries, where its moderate vigour and high surviving rate in alkaline soil condition make it suitable for most grape-growing regions around the world [32,33]. Nevertheless, its limited tolerance to phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) and a broad spectrum of nematodes, including root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, M. hapla, and M. javanica), as well as dagger nematode caused by Xiphinema index, has emerged as primary concerns within the feld of viticulture as previously reviewed by other researchers [28]. Furthermore, the majority of V. vinifera varieties are susceptible to infection by grapevine fanleaf virus, a soilborne Nepovirus transmitted by the dagger nematode (X. index) that could cause fanleaf disease [34].…”

Section: Main Parent Species For Rootstock Breeding and Existing Type...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Te mechanisms underlying phylloxera resistance within these species, such as the regulation of polyphenol oxidation and the formation of a corky layer surrounding phylloxera feeding sites, have been comprehensively reviewed in prior studies [35]. Te limitations of these American Vitis species have been well reviewed previously, where both own-rooted V. rupestris and V. riparia tend to show low to moderate tolerance to calcareous soils and are prone to be infuenced by limeinduced chlorosis [28]. Furthermore, V. riparia which originally inhabited near riverbank or areas with continual access to water exhibits low tolerance to drought [28].…”

Section: Main Parent Species For Rootstock Breeding and Existing Type...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rootstocks for Grapevines Now and into the Future: Selection of Rootstocks Based on Drought Tolerance, Soil Nutrient Availability, and Soil pH

Chen,

Fei,

Howell

et al. 2024

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research

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Rootstocks are used in viticulture to manage plant pests and diseases, particularly phylloxera and root-knot nematodes, and to improve grape and wine production. A wide range of rootstocks are commercially available, making selecting the optimal rootstock a difficult decision. In particular, distinct rootstock genotypes may manifest varying degrees of tolerance or resistance to abiotic stress, necessitating meticulous consideration during the rootstock selection process. This article reviews characteristics of various commercial rootstocks, as well as rootstocks being developed in recent years. This review further discusses responses of rootstocks to drought, soil nutrients, and soil pH. This review mainly focuses on influence of rootstocks on physiology characteristics of grafted scions rather than berry yield and quality. The breadth of this review benefits both researchers and practitioners by providing comprehensive summery of rootstocks to inform selection and to guide future research.

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“…In addition to their commercial importance, rootstocks are valuable to study the genetic bases of grape adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses 9 . However, to date only two genomes of V. riparia have been published 10, 11 and no genome reference is available for any of the commonly used rootstocks.…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

HiFi chromosome-scale diploid assemblies of the grape rootstocks 110R, Kober 5BB, and 101-14 Mgt

Minio

Cochetel

Massonnet

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cultivated grapevines are commonly grafted on closely related species to cope with specific biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The three North American Vitis species, V. riparia, V. rupestris, and V. berlandieri, are the main species used for breeding grape rootstocks. Here, we report the diploid chromosome-scale assembly of three widely used rootstocks derived from these species: Richter 110 (110R), Kober 5BB, and 101-14 Millardet et de Grasset (Mgt). Draft genomes of the three hybrids were assembled using PacBio HiFi sequences at an average coverage of 53.1 X-fold. Using the tool suite HaploSync, we reconstructed the two sets of nineteen chromosome-scale pseudomolecules for each genome with an average haploid genome size of 494.5 Mbp. Residual haplotype switches were resolved using shared-haplotype information. These three reference genomes represent a valuable resource for studying the genetic basis of grape adaption to biotic and abiotic stresses, and designing trait-associated markers for rootstock breeding programs.

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Grape Rootstocks and Related Species

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

A super-pangenome of the North American wild grape species

A super-pangenome of the North American wild grape species

Rootstocks for Grapevines Now and into the Future: Selection of Rootstocks Based on Drought Tolerance, Soil Nutrient Availability, and Soil pH

HiFi chromosome-scale diploid assemblies of the grape rootstocks 110R, Kober 5BB, and 101-14 Mgt

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