Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis

Abstract

Abbreviations: GSPE, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract; MIA, monosodium iodoacetate; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; O2 -, superoxide anion; OA, osteoarthritis; OH, hydroxyl radicals; ONOO -, peroxynitrite; PWL, paw withdrawal latency; PWT, paw withdrawal threshold; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TRP, transient receptor potential; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease that is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and chronic pain. Oxidative stress is considered one of the pathophysiological factors in the progression of OA. We investigated the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), which is an antioxidant, on monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced arthritis of the knee joint of rat, which is an animal model of human OA. GSPE (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg) or saline was given orally three times per week for 4 weeks after the MIA injection. Pain was measured using the paw withdrawal latency (PWL), the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and the hind limb weight bearing ability. Joint damage was assessed using histological and microscopic analysis and microcomputerized tomography. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) and nitrotyrosine were detected using immunohistochemistry. Administration of GSPE to the MIA-treated rats significantly increased the PWL and PWT and this resulted in recovery of hind paw weight distribution (P ＜ 0.05). GSPE reduced the loss of chondrocytes and proteoglycan, the production of MMP13, nitrotyrosine and IL-1β and the formation of osteophytes, and it reduced the number of subchondral bone fractures in the MIA-treated rats. These results indicate that GSPE is antinociceptive and it is protective against joint damage in the MIA-treated rat model of OA. GSPE could open up novel avenues for the treatment of OA.

Fucoidan Prevents the Progression of Osteoarthritis in Rats

“…6). No significant lesions or abnormal staining were observed in any samples from the normal group 30,33 (Fig. 5).…”

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana on Knee Damage Associated with Arthritis

“…ROS play crucial roles in inhibiting cartilage matrix synthesis, inducing chondrocyte apoptosis, and breaking down the cartilage matrix. 29 The VT-SR, with abundant polyphenols, displayed significant antioxidative effects. Comparing the phytochemical contents and antioxidative effects, the VT-SR had significant free radicalscavenging activities due to its abundant total phenol and total flavone contents.…”

Dietary Influence on Pain via the Immune System

“…Recent research has indicated that grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPE) have secondary effects that may have a more direct antiinflammatory effects through modulation of immune cells. In rodents, GSPE reduced edema and local levels of IL-1β, TNFα, and PGE 2 following carrageenan, 62 pain in the late phase of the formalin test, 63 hyperalgesia and allodynia in an osteoarthritis model, 64 hypersensitivity and TNFα levels in an arthritis model, 65 and allodynia in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy model. 65a Additionally, in a model of temporomandibular joint pain via complete Freund's adjuvant, GSPE reduced microglia and astrocyte activation in the brain and nerves in addition to a local reduction of MAPK, 66 suggesting an immune-cell-specific mechanism of action.…”