Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract improves the hepatic glutathione metabolism in obese <scp>Z</scp>ucker rats

Fernández‐Iglesias, Anabel; Pajuelo, David; Quesada, Helena; Díaz, Sabina; Bladé, Cinta; Arola, Lluı́s; Salvadó, M. Josepa; Mulero, Miquel

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201300455

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In addition, we found that hepatic GR and GST, two major antioxidants molecules, were significant decreased in Rg3 group. These results are similar with previous study that the obese-increased hepatic GR and GST were reversed by dietary intake of grape seed extract in obese rats (Fernandez-Iglesias et al, 2014). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Anti-adipogenic Effects and Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg3 in Pre-adipocytes and Obese Mice

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Pharmacol.

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Red or black ginseng has been reported more powerful than white/fresh ginseng in dealing with various diseases/conditions including obesity. The major reason is that heating/steaming, the process of making red or black ginseng, produces large amount of bioactive compounds including ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), which are trace in fresh or white ginseng. In the present study, Rg3 was applied both in pre-adipocytes and obese mice to investigate the anti-adipogenic effects and relevant mechanisms. Our results show that Rg3 dose-dependently inhibited cell differentiation both in 3T3-L1 cells (30, 50, and 100 μM) and human primary pre-adipocytes (10, 20, and 30 μM). This inhibitory effect is accompanied by the attenuation of the expressions of adipogenic markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α), fatty acid synthase (FAS), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and perilipin. Although dietary intake of Rg3 (0.1 mg Rg3/kg diet, 8 weeks) did not significantly affect body weight gain, fat pads and food intake as well as of PPAR-γ expression in fat tissues, we found that hepatic PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α protein expressions and hepatic glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase, two major antioxidants molecules were significantly reduced by Rg3. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rg3 may be a potential agent in reducing/preventing obesity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Anti-adipogenic Effects and Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg3 in Pre-adipocytes and Obese Mice

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Consistent with this, our results revealed that pre-treatment of HepG2 cells with CPE, although not EC, increased GPx and GR activities, as previously shown in non-insulin-resistant hepatic cells with higher concentrations [14,18]. Moreover, EC and CPE effectively inhibited the alterations on antioxidant enzymatic activities exerted by a high dose of glucose, in agreement with other studies performed with phenolic compounds, such as curcumin and grape proanthocyanidins, in insulin-resistant models [34,39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These results are in line with those reporting a protective effect of EC and cocoa flavonoids in cells or animals against an induced oxidative insult, which has been related to a more efficient ROS quenching in flavanol pre-treated cells or animals [13,14,17,19,28,38]. In addition, plant phenolics, and therefore CPE, seem to provide a parallel protection by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which prepares cells to deal with ROS generation in the presence of stressors and thus to suppress or minimize the oxidative stress induced damage [17,34,36,39]. Consistent with this, our results revealed that pre-treatment of HepG2 cells with CPE, although not EC, increased GPx and GR activities, as previously shown in non-insulin-resistant hepatic cells with higher concentrations [14,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocoa flavonoids protect hepatic cells against high‐glucose‐induced oxidative stress: Relevance of MAPKs

Cordero-Herrera

Martín

Goya

et al. 2015

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope Oxidative stress plays a main role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cocoa and (‐)‐epicatechin (EC), a main cocoa flavanol, have been suggested to exert beneficial effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus because of their protective effects against oxidative stress and insulin‐like properties. In this study, the protective effect of EC and a cocoa phenolic extract (CPE) against oxidative stress induced by a high‐glucose challenge, which causes insulin resistance, was investigated on hepatic HepG2 cells. Methods and results Oxidative status, phosphorylated mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and p‐(Ser)‐IRS‐1 expression, and glucose uptake were evaluated. EC and CPE regulated antioxidant enzymes and activated extracellular‐regulated kinase and Nrf2. EC and CPE pre‐treatment prevented high‐glucose‐induced antioxidant defences and p‐MAPKs, and maintained Nrf2 stimulation. The presence of selective MAPK inhibitors induced changes in redox status, glucose uptake, p‐(Ser)‐ and total IRS‐1 levels that were observed in CPE‐mediated protection. Conclusion EC and CPE recovered redox status of insulin‐resistant HepG2 cells, suggesting that the functionality in EC‐ and CPE‐treated cells was protected against high‐glucose‐induced oxidative insult. CPE beneficial effects on redox balance and insulin resistance were mediated by targeting MAPKs.

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“…Most studies on the beneficial effects of grape seeds on NAFLD have been conducted using aqueous or alcoholic polyphenolic extracts of grape seeds [14–17]. Recently, the focus on the health benefits of flavonoids in grape products has expanded to wine grape seeds, a byproduct of the winemaking process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chardonnay Grape Seed Flour Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance via Altered Hepatic Gene Expression for Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Lipid and Ceramide Synthesis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Seo

Bartley²,

Tam³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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To identify differentially expressed hepatic genes contributing to the improvement of high-fat (HF) diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance following supplementation of partially defatted flavonoid-rich Chardonnay grape seed flour (ChrSd), diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were fed HF diets containing either ChrSd or microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, control) for 5 weeks. The 2-h insulin area under the curve was significantly lowered by ChrSd, indicating that ChrSd improved insulin sensitivity. ChrSd intake also significantly reduced body weight gain, liver and adipose tissue weight, hepatic lipid content, and plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, despite a significant increase in food intake. Exon microarray analysis of hepatic gene expression revealed down-regulation of genes related to triglyceride and ceramide synthesis, immune response, oxidative stress, and inflammation and upregulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation, cholesterol, and bile acid synthesis. In conclusion, the effects of ChrSd supplementation in a HF diet on weight gain, insulin resistance, and progression of hepatic steatosis in DIO mice were associated with modulation of hepatic genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation, ceramide synthesis, and lipid and cholesterol metabolism.

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Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract improves the hepatic glutathione metabolism in obese Zucker rats

Abstract: In Zucker rats, the obesity-induced oxidative stress related to liver glutathione alteration was mitigated by GSPE administration.

Cited by 39 publications

References 52 publications

Anti-adipogenic Effects and Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg3 in Pre-adipocytes and Obese Mice

Anti-adipogenic Effects and Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg3 in Pre-adipocytes and Obese Mice

Cocoa flavonoids protect hepatic cells against high‐glucose‐induced oxidative stress: Relevance of MAPKs

Chardonnay Grape Seed Flour Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance via Altered Hepatic Gene Expression for Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Lipid and Ceramide Synthesis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

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