Grapes (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>) as a Potential Candidate for the Therapy of the Metabolic Syndrome

Akaberi, Maryam; Hosseinzadeh, H

doi:10.1002/ptr.5570

Cited by 120 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(187 reference statements)

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“…There are many in vivo studies reporting the antidiabetic activity of grape and grape byproduct polyphenols, especially grape seed extracts. Studies have shown that different proteins and enzymes are involved in these antidiabetic activities (Akaberi and Hosseinzadeh, ). V .…”

Section: Pharmacological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Review of the Pharmacological Effects ofVitis vinifera(Grape) and its Bioactive Constituents: An Update

2016

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Vitis vinifera fruit (grape) contains various phenolic compounds, flavonoids and stilbenes. In recent years, active constituents found in the fruits, seeds, stems, skin and pomaces of grapes have been identified and some have been studied. In this review, we summarize the active constituents of different parts of V. vinifera and their pharmacological effects including skin protection, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antiinflammatory and antidiabetic activities, as well as hepatoprotective, cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects in experimental studies published after our 2009 review. Clinical and toxicity studies have also been examined. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Pharmacological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Review of the Pharmacological Effects ofVitis vinifera(Grape) and its Bioactive Constituents: An Update

2016

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“…Guilford et al (96) indicated that regular red wine consumption is associated with a 30% risk reduction for type 2 diabetes. Consumption of grape seed polyphenols and red wine grape pomace flour have been associated with significant reductions in blood glucose (37,97). Conversely another study found no effect of grape juice polyphenols in healthy individuals (38).…”

Section: Polyphenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of nutraceuticals in the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Sosnowska

Penson

Banach

2017

Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther.

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IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is common, indeed the majority of adults above sixty years of age will experience some manifestation of CVD. Based on data from 2012 and 2013, it has been estimated that CVD is responsible for 17.3 million deaths annually worldwide (1). Morbidity is also high, and in Europe, 200 billion Euros of healthcare expenditure is attributable to CVD (2). Risk factors for CVD can be categorized as modifiable and non-modifiable. Modifiable risk factors include obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and lifestyle risk factors such as unhealthy diet, smoking and physical inactivity. Dietary factors are also important contributors to cardiovascular risk, either directly, or through their effects on other risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus (3). Reduction of risk factors in the population, especially blood pressure reduction and lipid-lowering can have important impacts upon mortality from CVD (4).Protective effects against CVD have been demonstrated for several foods and dietary supplements (5) thus presenting new possibilities for population-level reduction of CVD risk. Evidence suggests that this approach is very promising. For example, in the PREDIMED observational study, participants in the highest quintile of polyphenol consumption had a relative risk of CVD of 54% compared to those in the lowest quintile (6). The aim of this review is to present an update on the most recent evidence relating to the use of nutraceuticals in the context of the prevention and treatment of CVD. Unfortunately, few studies have measured the associations between nutraceutical consumptions and "hard" outcomes such as mortality. Large randomized controlled trials are particularly rare, and thus there is a paucity of evidence in this area. Thus, our discussion will be largely focused on the effects of NutraceuticalsThe term "nutraceuticals" was introduced by Stephen DeFelice, founder and chairman of the Foundation for Innovation in Medicine, in 1989. A nutraceutical is defined as a "food, or parts of a food, that provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease" (7). The definition encompasses medicinal products made from natural ingredients. Several classes of nutraceuticals have been proposed to have potential benefits in the treatment of CVD and the ones with the strongest evidence are briefly summarized below. Sterols/stanolsPlant sterols/stanols are phytosterols, and have been identified in a range of plant products including various fruits and vegetables, cereals, seeds and nuts. Their biological activity results from their molecular structural similarity to cholesterol (8). PolyphenolsPolyphenols are phytochemicals with widespread distribution in foods of plant origin. They are found in fruits, vegetables, cereal and legumes. Additionally, they are found in beverages produced from plant products such as tea, coffee, wine and cocoa. Polyphenols are structurally diverse, and over 8,000 have...

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“…Studies have provided evidence for protective effects of various polyphenol-rich foods against metabolic syndrome. Standard food enrichments such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, nuts, and berries are rich in polyphenolic compounds [2]. Grapes (Vitis vinifera), especially grape seeds, stand out as rich sources of antioxidants and have been reported to inhibit the risk factors involved in metabolic syndrome such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension in both humans and animals.…”

Section: Where Is the Cyclone?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rx: Observe, Do not Treat When is it Appropriate not to Treat?

Gauvin¹,

Boley²

2017

Pharmaceut Reg Affairs

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Development of a protocol for a nonclinical safety study to evaluate the safety profile of an investigational therapeutic, whether it is a toxicology or safety pharmacology study, must not be conducted in haste. The evaluation of this novel therapeutics relies on the integrated strategy developed by the scientific team, which may include the pharmaceutical company and the services of a contract research organization. All nonclinical study protocols involving the use of live animals require the inclusion of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and staff veterinarians during the review of the study protocol. The team, as a whole, must endure a frank, honest, and open discussion regarding study design and animal welfare issues. All available information regarding the test material should be shared with all parties in a manner and time that allows for constructive protocol and treatment strategy development. The intent of nonclinical safety assessments is driven by both administrative guidelines from drug regulatory agencies and statutory (legal) controls of federal laws. In working with test articles, particularly for small molecules, the probability of unexpected findings is relatively high. The research team must maintain the highest standards of animal care throughout this process which is complicated by the fact that when animal health and welfare issues occur they must be remedied fast, efficiently, and transparently. We review the pitfalls of safety assessment strategies and offer some industry standard resolutions that may help to make the road to market a little easier. The paper is written based on small molecule development, but many of the points would also apply to biopharmaceuticals as well.

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Grapes (Vitis vinifera) as a Potential Candidate for the Therapy of the Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 120 publications

References 135 publications

Review of the Pharmacological Effects ofVitis vinifera(Grape) and its Bioactive Constituents: An Update

Review of the Pharmacological Effects ofVitis vinifera(Grape) and its Bioactive Constituents: An Update

The role of nutraceuticals in the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Rx: Observe, Do not Treat When is it Appropriate not to Treat?

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