Grapevine breeding programmes in Portugal

Martins, Antero; Gonçalves, Elsa

doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-075-0.00008-9

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Thus, it is not possible to change the geographical location of many high-value varieties to accommodate climate conditions. In Portugal, grapevine selection has evolved enormously in the last decades, with innovative methods developed that help increase quality and productivity in ancient varieties while at the same time preserving genetic variability (Martins and Gonçalves, 2015). This careful and exhaustive search for as many as possible different genotypes within each variety has led to the gathering of raw material for selection based on any desirable trait, provided that the adequate experimental setup is used in the establishment of the trials and that the right tools to scan an enormous amount of plant material in the field are available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Return on investment is driven by yield and its quality; thus, it is relevant to study the impact of climate change, namely, the implications of changes in temperature levels and patterns, radiation, and water availability on those parameters. Portugal is extremely rich in autochthonous grapevine varieties with more than 250 already known and with a high level of intravarietal variability (Martins and Gonçalves, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intravarietal diversity has ensured stable behavior of the varieties over time and constitutes today the raw material for carrying out the selection with high genetic and economic gains of different relevant characteristics. Polyclonal selection consists in the selection of a top-ranked set of genotypes concerning target traits in an experimental population containing a representative sample of the intravarietal variability, and the genetic gains of selection are predicted as the average of the empirical best linear unbiased predictors (EBLUPs) of the genotypic effects of those traits in the set of selected genotypes (Martins and Gonçalves, 2015). Theoretical developments about the most suitable experimental designs and statistical models for the quantification of intravarietal diversity and prediction of genetic gains of polyclonal selection have been developed in the past years (Gonçalves et al, 2010(Gonçalves et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selecting Aragonez Genotypes Able to Outplay Climate Change–Driven Abiotic Stress

et al. 2020

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High temperatures and extreme drought are increasingly more frequent in Portugal, which represents a strong threat to viticulture in certain regions of the country. These multifactorial abiotic stresses are threatening viticultural areas worldwide, and the problem can hardly be overcome only by changing cultural practices. This scenario has raised a major challenge for plant scientists to find ways to adapt existing varieties to the new conditions without loss of their characteristic flavors, yield, and associated varietal character of wines. Aragonez (syn. Tempranillo) is one such variety, widely cultivated in Portugal and Spain, with specific characteristics associated with terroir. In this context, insight into intravarietal variability to enable its exploitation for selection becomes an important tool to mitigate the effect of multifactorial stresses driven by climate changes. The present work describes an innovative selection approach: selection for abiotic stress tolerance, measured by the leaf temperature of clones under environmental conditions of drought and extreme heat. This evaluation was complemented with values of yield and quality characteristics of the must (pH, acidity, °Brix, and anthocyanins). The application of this methodology was done in an experimental population of 255 clones of Tempranillo for 3 years. The genotypes were then ranked according to their level of tolerance to abiotic stress without loss of yield/quality. To understand the differences at the transcription level that could account for such variability, several of the most tolerant and most sensitive genotypes were analyzed for key genes using reverse transcriptase–quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results enabled the selection of a group of genotypes with increased tolerance to stress, in relation to the average of the variety, which maintained the typical must quality of Aragonez. In parallel, several transcripts previously acknowledged as markers for abiotic stress tolerance were identified in several clones and are possible targets for plant breeding and genetic modification and/or to develop screening procedures to select genotypes better adapted to the abiotic stress driven by climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selecting Aragonez Genotypes Able to Outplay Climate Change–Driven Abiotic Stress

et al. 2020

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“…However, similar to many other Mediterranean countries, Portugal is rich in ancient landraces and crop wild relatives that are relevant for breeding programs and germplasm collections. For instance, yield and quality traits of grapevine varieties and respective clones are currently under field evaluation, exploiting the large Portuguese collection of ancient grapevine varieties (30,000 genotypes held by the Portuguese Association for Grapevine Diversity, PORVID) (Gonçalves and Martins, 2012; Martins and Gonçalves, 2015). In grain legumes, a breeding program started in 1986, and 30 years of activity have resulted in 16 new varieties of pulses registered in the Portuguese National Catalogue of Varieties.…”

Section: Plant Phenotyping In the South European Mediterranean Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, machine learning techniques alongside spectroscopic approaches are currently employed in Vitis phenotyping (Gameiro et al, 2016; Fernandes et al, 2018). The wine sector could particularly profit given the large inter and intra-varietal collections of Vitis vinifera L. available (Martins and Gonçalves, 2015) and the fact that the Iberian Peninsula is considered a secondary centre of grapevine domestication (Cunha et al, 2015). Improved conservation and characterization of germplasm collections would empower the competitiveness of Portuguese and Mediterranean viticultures.…”

Section: Plant Phenotyping In the South European Mediterranean Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and Limitations of Crop Phenotyping in Southern European Countries

et al. 2019

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The Mediterranean climate is characterized by hot dry summers and frequent droughts. Mediterranean crops are frequently subjected to high evapotranspiration demands, soil water deficits, high temperatures, and photo-oxidative stress. These conditions will become more severe due to global warming which poses major challenges to the sustainability of the agricultural sector in Mediterranean countries. Selection of crop varieties adapted to future climatic conditions and more tolerant to extreme climatic events is urgently required. Plant phenotyping is a crucial approach to address these challenges. High-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) helps to monitor the performance of improved genotypes and is one of the most effective strategies to improve the sustainability of agricultural production. In spite of the remarkable progress in basic knowledge and technology of plant phenotyping, there are still several practical, financial, and political constraints to implement HTPP approaches in field and controlled conditions across the Mediterranean. The European panorama of phenotyping is heterogeneous and integration of phenotyping data across different scales and translation of “phytotron research” to the field, and from model species to crops, remain major challenges. Moreover, solutions specifically tailored to Mediterranean agriculture (e.g., crops and environmental stresses) are in high demand, as the region is vulnerable to climate change and to desertification processes. The specific phenotyping requirements of Mediterranean crops have not yet been fully identified. The high cost of HTPP infrastructures is a major limiting factor, though the limited availability of skilled personnel may also impair its implementation in Mediterranean countries. We propose that the lack of suitable phenotyping infrastructures is hindering the development of new Mediterranean agricultural varieties and will negatively affect future competitiveness of the agricultural sector. We provide an overview of the heterogeneous panorama of phenotyping within Mediterranean countries, describing the state of the art of agricultural production, breeding initiatives, and phenotyping capabilities in five countries: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey. We characterize some of the main impediments for development of plant phenotyping in those countries and identify strategies to overcome barriers and maximize the benefits of phenotyping and modeling approaches to Mediterranean agriculture and related sustainability.

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Experimental Methodology for Clonal Forest Research

Carrasquinho,

Gonçalves

2023

Monitoring Forest Damage With Metabolomics Methods

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Grapevine breeding programmes in Portugal

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Selecting Aragonez Genotypes Able to Outplay Climate Change–Driven Abiotic Stress

Selecting Aragonez Genotypes Able to Outplay Climate Change–Driven Abiotic Stress

Opportunities and Limitations of Crop Phenotyping in Southern European Countries

Experimental Methodology for Clonal Forest Research

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