Grapevine rootstocks resistant to the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne javanica

Abstract

Background and Aims: Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are endo-parasites of plant roots and parasitisation can lead to diminished grape yields. Worldwide viticulture production is impacted primarily by four species of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica). Meloidogyne javanica is the predominant root-knot nematode found in Australian vineyards. A glasshouse-based experiment was conducted to identify grapevine cultivars and accessions with complete resistance (i.e. no reproduction of nematode) to an aggressive pathotype of M. javanica isolated from an Australian vineyard. Methods and Results: Single-grapevine plants were inoculated with approximately 1500 second stage juveniles of M. javanica in a replicated study. Six weeks after inoculation, roots were washed free of soil, and egg masses were stained and tallied. The final dry mass of roots was measured to determine the ratio of egg masses to root mass. Conclusions: Complete resistance to M. javanica was found in 42 of 75 Vitis cultivars and accessions screened. Significance of Study: The M. javanica resistant cultivars and accessions identified in this study provide valuable material for future breeding in order to develop new rootstocks for the Australian wine and grape industry with durable resistance to root-knot nematode.

Rootstock effects on grape anthocyanins, skin and seed proanthocyanidins and wine color and phenolic compounds from Vitis vinifera L. Merlot grapevines

“…The use and importance of rootstocks in viticulture is well documented, particularly to avoid the negative effects of biotic stress, mainly against Daktulosphaera vitifoliae commonly called phylloxera, a wide range of root-feeding nematodes mainly Margarodes vitis, pests of economic importance such as Naupactus xanthographus, and abiotic stress such as salinity, drought and limestone. [1][2][3][4][5] Despite the aforementioned advantages connected to the use of rootstocks, the adoption of rootstocks in the Chilean viticulture is small, mainly due to the fact that phylloxera has not yet been detected in Chile. 2 It is often claimed that the geographical barriers of the mountains, the Atacama Desert and the Pacific Ocean act as unofficial border guards and this is coupled with two-year quarantine for imported plant material.…”

Cryopreservation of 12 Vitis Species Using Apical Shoot Tips Derived from Plants Grown In Vitro

“…Vitis has a rich genetic diversity; there are more than 70 species within the genus, with most of the globally important cultivars assigned to Vitis vinifera (Li et al, 2017). Wild Vitis species as well as Muscadinia rotundifolia have been used for hybrid grape breeding as new cultivars and rootstocks, many of which provide resistance to pests and diseases (Carimi et al, 2011;Eibach et al, 2007;Smith et al, 2017).…”

SNP markers tightly linked to root knot nematode resistance in grapevine (Vitis cinerea) identified by a genotyping-by-sequencing approach followed by Sequenom MassARRAY validation

“…Using a glasshouse based root knot nematode screening method [ 37 ], 90 F 1 individuals were screened for M . javanica ‘pt.…”

“…The aggressive M . javanica ‘pt 1103P’ pathotype, which is able to effectively parasitize the moderately resistant 1103 Paulsen rootstock, was used in the root knot nematode screening assay [ 37 ]. M .…”