Artificial intelligence-based methods
for predicting drug–target
interactions (DTIs) aim to explore reliable drug candidate targets
rapidly and cost-effectively to accelerate the drug development process.
However, current methods are often limited by the topological regularities
of drug molecules, making them difficult to generalize to a broader
chemical space. Additionally, the use of similarity to measure DTI
network links often introduces noise, leading to false DTI relationships
and affecting the prediction accuracy. To address these issues, this
study proposes an Adaptive Iterative Graph Optimization (AIGO)-DTI
prediction framework. This framework integrates atomic cluster information
and enhances molecular features through the design of functional group
prompts and graph encoders, optimizing the construction of DTI association
networks. Furthermore, the optimization of graph structure is transformed
into a node similarity learning problem, utilizing multihead similarity
metric functions to iteratively update the network structure to improve
the quality of DTI information. Experimental results demonstrate the
outstanding performance of AIGO-DTI on multiple public data sets and
label reversal data sets. Case studies, molecular docking, and existing
research validate its effectiveness and reliability. Overall, the
method proposed in this study can construct comprehensive and reliable
DTI association network information, providing new graphing and optimization
strategies for DTI prediction, which contribute to efficient drug
development and reduce target discovery costs.