Graphene against Other Two-Dimensional Materials: A Comparative Study on the Basis of Photonic Applications

Abstract

Two-dimensional materials represent the basis of technological development to produce applications with high added value for nanoelectronics, photonics, and optoelectronics. In first decades of this century, these materials are impelling this development through materials based on carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and boron. 2D materials for photonic applications used until now are graphene, silicene, germanene, stanene, phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, and borophene. In this work, the main strategies to modify optical properties of 2D materials are studied for achieving photodetection, transportation, and emitting of light. Optical properties analyzed here are refractive index, extinction coefficient, relative permittivity, absorption coefficient, chromatic dispersion, group index, and transmittance. The transmittance spectra of various two-dimensional materials are presented here with the aim of classifying them from photonic point-of-view. A performance comparison between graphene and other twodimensional materials is done to help the designer choose the best design material for photonic applications. In next three decades, a lot of scientific research will be realized to completely exploit the use of 2D materials either as single monolayers or as stacked multilayers in several fields of knowledge with a special emphasis in the optoelectronics and photonic industry in benefit of the industry and ultimately to our society.

Infrared HOT Photodetectors: Status and Outlook

“…√ ατ [(s/cm) Regarding Figure 2, the demonstrated carrier lifetime in two-dimensional materials is at the nanosecond level and is approximately five orders of magnitude lower than for the HgCdTe ternary alloy. The dominant recombination pathway for TMDs (MoS 2 , MoSe 2 and WSe 2 ) is exciton recombination [14][15][16]. Considering the experimental data collected above for LWIR HgCdTe (α = 2.2 × 10 3 cm −1 , τ = 0.5 ms) and TMDs (α = 2 × 10 5 cm −1 , τ = 1 ns), it is also interesting to compare the estimated…”

Improved Liquid Phase Exfoliation Technique for the Fabrication of MoS2/Graphene Heterostructure-Based Photodetector

“…The MoS 2 /graphene heterostructure device exhibits sensitive photoresponse at bias voltages of 2 V and 4 V for wavelengths of 650 nm with light power intensity spanning from ~1 mW/cm 2 to 3 mW/cm 2 . The MoS 2 /Gra photodetector has a response of 39.44 mA/W and relatively high speci c detectivity of 2.02×10 10 Jones and e ciency of 7.54%, at 4V bias voltage and that of MoS 2 photodetector are 0.55 µA, 6.11 mA/W, 3.4 ×10 9 Jones, and 1.16%, respectively. Since the photoresponse performance of the MoS 2 /Gra photodetector is greatly improved over the sole MoS 2 photodetector device, it is a potential candidate for building future ultrasensitive devices.…”

“…In the recent decade, two-dimensional materials have attracted signi cant research interest owing to their exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical properties [1][2][3][4] that depend on the layer thickness and crystalline size [5]. Examples of this materials include; graphene, silicene [6], hexagonal boron nitride [7], phosphorene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) (e.g., MoS 2 , MoSe 2 WS 2 , WSe 2 ) [8], metal oxides (e.g., MoO 3 ) [9], metal halides (e.g., MgBr 2 ) [10], etc. Among the various layered materials apart from graphene, TMDs have received much attention due to their excellent performances in electronics and optoelectronics.…”

“…The sonication (ultrasonic exfoliation) of layered materials depends on the liquid medium and the ultrasonic wave [4]. To ensure a defect-free nanosheets synthesis, the chosen solvent must be either suitable [8,9] or surfactant [6, 14, 27-29] and, or polymeric solutions [12,13,30,31], so as to stabilize the nanosheet against re-aggregation [15]. The LPE synthesis of good 2D heterostructure materials is challenging, unlike several other methods that have been employed to produce high-quality MoS 2 /graphene heterostructures.…”