Graphene and carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy nanocomposites: A review

Singh, Navjot; Gupta, V. K.; Singh, Amrinder Pal

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121724

Cited by 167 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Based on the findings of Paton et al, [19] it was also anticipated that the content of graphene and MLG platelets in the dispersions increases with the increasing mixing time. Six samples per mixing time were prepared, and their averaged graphite concentrations are presented in Table 2, along with the surface weighted mean sizes (D [3,2]) of the dispersed graphitic species. The size of the natural graphite flakes significantly decreased as mixing time increased, from 0.87 μm after 60 minutes to 0.82 μm after 90 minutes, and then down to 0.22 μm after 120 minutes of mixing ( Table 2, Figure S3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 1,2 ] Since its discovery, the efficacy of graphene as a nanofiller in composite materials has been studied extensively. [ 3,4 ] Epoxy resins are among the most intensively researched polymer matrices for creating graphene‐polymer composites, due to their versatility and ease of processing. [ 5–8 ] The addition of graphene to epoxy can enhance its mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, leading to new applications in industries such as aerospace, automotive, medicine, and electronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16] Top-down graphene production via the liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite yields a graphene-solvent dispersion, from which graphene must be recovered to produce the composite material. [3] Various methods for liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite are available, including ball milling, [17,18] high-shear mixing (HSM), [19,20] ultrasonication, [21,22] three-roll milling, [2,23] chemical exfoliation, [24,25] and electrochemical exfoliation. [26,27] Top-down methods, in which graphene is produced from abundant graphite, are lauded for their scalability and potential for industrial applications, while advances in graphite exfoliation methods have made graphene production accessible to commercial users and not-specialized laboratories.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Application of semi‐in situ liquid exfoliation of graphite to the scalable production of graphene‐epoxy nanocomposites

et al. 2020

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Recent advances in graphite wet exfoliation methods include new solvent systems, exfoliation-assisting agents such as pyrophosphate and use of graphiteintercalated compounds. These open new avenues for the scalable and versatile production of graphene/nanographite composites, with the prospect of reducing barriers to the adoption of these materials for real-world applications. This article proposes a semi-in situ exfoliation method in which graphite is exfoliated directly in the epoxy/cosolvent system via high-shear mixing. The method is tested with three different solvent systems: epoxy/acetone; epoxy/N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP); and epoxy/NMP/water. Tailoring of mechanical properties of the composites is achieved by adjusting the mixing and centrifugation times and the temperature of the process. The incorporation of graphite microparticles in the composites has a positive influence on strength and flexibility at the expense of rigidity resulting in a 13.4% increase in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and 73% in elongation at break (ε max) at 0.04 wt% loading. The proposed method also leads to nanocomposites with enhanced properties at low-filler loadings. For example, the 0.01 wt% loading gave a 7.4% increase in Young's modulus, 10.6% in UTS, and 9.1% in ε max. The scalability and versatility of this method make it a promising alternative for industrial production of epoxy/graphene nanocomposites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of semi‐in situ liquid exfoliation of graphite to the scalable production of graphene‐epoxy nanocomposites

et al. 2020

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“…The problems of inhomogeneous dispersion of nanofillers, agglomeration of MWCNTs, poor interfacial adhesion, etc. are widely discussed [ 30 ]. The creation of polymer nanocomposites with a homogeneous distribution of MWCNTs as a nanofiller is a very complex problem as shown in many papers [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of MWCNTs on Wear Behavior of Epoxy Resin for Aircraft Applications

Mucha¹,

Krzyżak²,

Kosicka

et al. 2020

Materials

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The aim of the study is to assess the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the wear behavior of MWCNT-doped epoxy resin. In this study, a laminating resin system designed to meet the standards for motor planes was modified with MWCNTs at mass fractions from 0.0 wt.% to 2.0 wt.%. The properties of the carbon nanotubes were determined in Raman spectroscopy and HR-TEM. An examination of wear behavior was conducted on a linear abraser with a visual inspection on an optical microscope and SEM imaging, mass loss measurement, and evaluation of the wear volume on a profilometer. Moreover, the mechanical properties of MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposite were evaluated through a tensile test and Shore D hardness test. The study shows that the best wear resistance is achieved for the mass percentage between 0.25 wt.% and 0.5 wt.%. For the same range, the tensile strength reaches the highest values and the hardness the lowest values. Together with surface imaging and a topography analysis, this allowed describing the wear behavior in the friction node and the importance of the properties of the epoxy nanocomposite.

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“…Adding an individual type of carbon nano-particle in the polymer matrix has been confirmed in numerous past studies to improve the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the polymer materials, and some review studies are available for references [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. In general, adding an appropriate amount of carbon nano-fillers in polymer materials can display significant enhancement on various properties of polymers, nevertheless, the agglomeration caused by the addition of excessive nano-reinforcements is detrimental to the properties needed [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-Dependent Synergistic Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Tensile Quasi-Static and Fatigue Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites

Jen

Chang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Even though the characteristics of polymer materials are sensitive to temperature, the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites have rarely been studied before, especially for the fatigue behavior of hybrid polymer nanocomposites. Hence, the tensile quasi-static and fatigue tests for the epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were performed at different temperatures in the study to investigate the temperature-dependent synergistic effect of hybrid nano-fillers on the studied properties. The temperature and the filler ratio were the main variables considered in the experimental program. A synergistic index was employed to quantify and evaluate the synergistic effect of hybrid fillers on the studied properties. Experimental results show that both the monotonic and fatigue strength decrease with increasing temperature significantly. The nanocomposites with a MWCNT (multi-walled CNT): GNP ratio of 9:1 display higher monotonic modulus/strength and fatigue strength than those with other filler ratios. The tensile strengths of the nanocomposite specimens with a MWCNT:GNP ratio of 9:1 are 10.0, 5.5, 12.9, 23.4, and 58.9% higher than those of neat epoxy at −28, 2, 22, 52, and 82 °C, respectively. The endurance limits of the nanocomposites with this specific filler ratio are increased by 7.7, 26.7, 5.6, 30.6, and 42.4% from those of pristine epoxy under the identical temperature conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the synergistic effect for this optimal nanocomposite increases with temperature. The CNTs bridge the adjacent GNPs to constitute the 3-D network of nano-filler and prevent the agglomeration of GNPs, further improve the studied strength. Observing the fracture surfaces reveals that crack deflect effect and the bridging effect of nano-fillers are the main reinforcement mechanisms to improve the studied properties. The pullout of nano-fillers from polymer matrix at high temperatures reduces the monotonic and fatigue strengths. However, high temperature is beneficial to the synergistic effect of hybrid fillers because the nano-fillers dispersed in the softened matrix are easy to align toward the directions favorable to load transfer.

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Graphene and carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy nanocomposites: A review

Cited by 167 publications

References 146 publications

Application of semi‐in situ liquid exfoliation of graphite to the scalable production of graphene‐epoxy nanocomposites

Application of semi‐in situ liquid exfoliation of graphite to the scalable production of graphene‐epoxy nanocomposites

Effect of MWCNTs on Wear Behavior of Epoxy Resin for Aircraft Applications

Temperature-Dependent Synergistic Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Tensile Quasi-Static and Fatigue Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites

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