Graphene-Based Bioelectronics

Challenges in Biomaterials Science for Electrochemical Biosensing and Bioenergy

“…6 Still in the materials science framework, it is certainly not a surprise that carbon nanomaterials not only are still kept under the spotlight but have gained further attention with many examples of their incorporation into biosensors and bioelectronic devices. 45,46 Crespilho and co-workers noticed that graphene, comprehending a very high conductivity in the basal plane, could be used to build a biosensor as a "quasi-shortcircuited GFET", in an operation fashion named an electrical− electrochemical vertical device (EEVD), fully designed through van der Waals interactions (vdW)�i.e., a stacking approach, Figure 3a−c. 47 Authors employed this device for serologic COVID-19 diagnosis, with a limit-of-detection of 1.0 pg mL −1 for IgG antibodies, in an immunosensor employing SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins, Figure 3d− g. 48 The high electrical transport in the basal plane coupled to vertical electron transfer was also explored for ultrasensitive quantification of ssDNA, reaching an impressive limit of detection of 10 −21 mol L −1 , Figure 3h.…”