Graphene‐Based Biomaterials for Bone Regenerative Engineering: A Comprehensive Review of the Field and Considerations Regarding Biocompatibility and Biodegradation

Daneshmandi, Leila; Barajaa, Mohammed; Rad, Armin Tahmasbi; Sydlik, Stefanie A.; Laurencin, Cato T.

doi:10.1002/adhm.202001414

Cited by 74 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 228 publications

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“…The presence of the high-modulus GFMs in low-modulus polymer matrices can lead to significant reinforcements in the mechanical properties of composite structures. The reinforcing effects of the GFMs in polymer matrices is governed by the structure of the graphenic material in use, the polymer matrix, the composite preparation method, and the dispersion of the graphenic filler within the matrix and their interactions 27 , 59 . In 3D printed scaffolds specifically, in addition to the structural and physicochemical properties of the composite materials, geometrical features such as pore size, pore area, and strand diameter play important roles 50 , 60 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biocompatibility of the GFMs is regulated by their physicochemical characteristics (size, shape, surface chemistry), exposure conditions (medium, dose, duration), and the cell type 25,27 . Most studies have shown that the incorporation of small amounts of the GFMs into scaffolds helps to improve their biological performance [67][68][69] .…”

Section: Mechanical Evaluation Of the 3d Printed Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its high specific surface area and extraordinary mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties make it one of the most versatile materials for use in different industries and applications. The impressive properties of graphene and its derivatives known as the graphene family of materials (GFMs) have garnered much interest among scientists worldwide [25][26][27] . Graphene oxide (GO) is the oxidized form of graphene that is generated from the oxidation and exfoliation of graphite.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fabrication and characterization of mechanically competent 3D printed polycaprolactone-reduced graphene oxide scaffolds

Seyedsalehi

Daneshmandi

Barajaa

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The ability to produce constructs with a high control over the bulk geometry and internal architecture has situated 3D printing as an attractive fabrication technique for scaffolds. Various designs and inks are actively investigated to prepare scaffolds for different tissues. In this work, we prepared 3D printed composite scaffolds comprising polycaprolactone (PCL) and various amounts of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) at 0.5, 1, and 3 wt.%. We employed a two-step fabrication process to ensure an even mixture and distribution of the rGO sheets within the PCL matrix. The inks were prepared by creating composite PCL-rGO films through solvent evaporation casting that were subsequently fed into the 3D printer for extrusion. The resultant scaffolds were seamlessly integrated, and 3D printed with high fidelity and consistency across all groups. This, together with the homogeneous dispersion of the rGO sheets within the polymer matrix, significantly improved the compressive strength and stiffness by 185% and 150%, respectively, at 0.5 wt.% rGO inclusion. The in vitro response of the scaffolds was assessed using human adipose-derived stem cells. All scaffolds were cytocompatible and supported cell growth and viability. These mechanically reinforced and biologically compatible 3D printed PCL-rGO scaffolds are a promising platform for regenerative engineering applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Evaluation Of the 3d Printed Scaffoldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication and characterization of mechanically competent 3D printed polycaprolactone-reduced graphene oxide scaffolds

Seyedsalehi

Daneshmandi

Barajaa

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Several different approaches have been utilized for bone tissue engineering (BTE); the most common were those that tried to mimic the natural process of bone repair using 3D osteoconductive scaffolds. Recently, the potential of GOBMs has gained tremendous attention to facilitate and improve BTE [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ] in its various forms, namely scaffolds, coatings, guided bone membranes, and drug delivery systems [ 60 ]. Moreover, GOBMs, particularly with low oxygen contents, have a pivotal influence on adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to increase osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity [ 11 , 61 ].…”

Section: Development Of Tissues and Organs Using Graphene-based Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide: Opportunities and Challenges in Biomedicine

et al. 2021

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Desirable carbon allotropes such as graphene oxide (GO) have entered the field with several biomedical applications, owing to their exceptional physicochemical and biological features, including extreme strength, found to be 200 times stronger than steel; remarkable light weight; large surface-to-volume ratio; chemical stability; unparalleled thermal and electrical conductivity; and enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation properties. The presence of functional groups on graphene oxide (GO) enhances further interactions with other molecules. Therefore, recent studies have focused on GO-based materials (GOBMs) rather than graphene. The aim of this research was to highlight the physicochemical and biological properties of GOBMs, especially their significance to biomedical applications. The latest studies of GOBMs in biomedical applications are critically reviewed, and in vitro and preclinical studies are assessed. Furthermore, the challenges likely to be faced and prospective future potential are addressed. GOBMs, a high potential emerging material, will dominate the materials of choice in the repair and development of human organs and medical devices. There is already great interest among academics as well as in pharmaceutical and biomedical industries.

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“…Recently, it was shown that the application of graphene as a filler can improve the mechanical properties of polymer materials [ 20 , 21 ]. The use of graphene derivatives such as graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which contain hydroxylic and carboxylic groups, can also improve the interaction of composites with cells and biomolecules and enhance cell growth, cell differentiation and cell proliferation [ 22 , 23 ]. At the same time, GO and rGO similar to graphene enhances the mechanical properties of polymer materials [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aminated Graphene-Graft-Oligo(Glutamic Acid) /Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Composites: Preparation, Characterization and Biological Evaluation

et al. 2021

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Biodegradable and biocompatible composites are of great interest as biomedical materials for various regeneration processes such as the regeneration of bones, cartilage and soft tissues. Modification of the filler surface can improve its compatibility with the polymer matrix, and, as a result, the characteristics and properties of composite materials. This work is devoted to the synthesis and modification of aminated graphene with oligomers of glutamic acid and their use for the preparation of composite materials based on poly(ε-caprolactone). Ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride of glutamic acid γ-benzyl ester was used to graft oligomers of glutamic acid from the surface of aminated graphene. The success of the modification was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, the dispersions of neat and modified aminated graphene were analyzed by dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering to monitor changes in the characteristics due to modification. The poly(ε-caprolactone) films filled with neat and modified aminated graphene were manufactured and carefully characterized for their mechanical and biological properties. Grafting of glutamic acid oligomers from the surface of aminated graphene improved the distribution of the filler in the polymer matrix that, in turn, positively affected the mechanical properties of composite materials in comparison to ones containing the unmodified filler. Moreover, the modification improved the biocompatibility of the filler with human MG-63 osteoblast-like cells.

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Graphene‐Based Biomaterials for Bone Regenerative Engineering: A Comprehensive Review of the Field and Considerations Regarding Biocompatibility and Biodegradation

Cited by 74 publications

References 228 publications

Fabrication and characterization of mechanically competent 3D printed polycaprolactone-reduced graphene oxide scaffolds

Fabrication and characterization of mechanically competent 3D printed polycaprolactone-reduced graphene oxide scaffolds

Graphene Oxide: Opportunities and Challenges in Biomedicine

Aminated Graphene-Graft-Oligo(Glutamic Acid) /Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Composites: Preparation, Characterization and Biological Evaluation

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