Graphene based biosensors—Accelerating medical diagnostics to new-dimensions

Chauhan, Neha; Maekawa, Toru; Kumar, D. Sakthi

doi:10.1557/jmr.2017.91

Cited by 123 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(174 reference statements)

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“…The multiparametric analysis used to characterize the device's electronic response to the specific binding of TSH, as well as to the PEG and F(ab′) 2 immobilization, can shed light into the mechanism/s responsible for the sensitivity of this graphene device toward protein detection. Since in an electrolyte‐gated FET configuration, graphene is in direct contact with the analyte solution, which is also gating the device, transfer curve changes can be induced by several sensing mechanisms—a number of which can occur simultaneously upon analyte binding …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the high sensitivity of graphene's charge transport properties to its electrostatic environment, any electronic disturbance arising from the binding of charged biomolecules could lead to significant changes in graphene's electrolyte‐gate potential dependent conductance (i.e., transfer curve) . These changes can be induced by different sensing mechanisms: (i) electrostatic gating, (ii) charge transfer between the biomolecules and graphene (acceptor or donor), (iii) charge scattering across graphene, (iv) capacitance modulation, and (v) Schottky barrier effect—a number of which can occur simultaneously upon analyte binding . By analyzing the changes in graphene's transfer curve, the underlying sensing mechanism can be narrowed down, if not completely identified …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene‐Based Electronic Immunosensor with Femtomolar Detection Limit in Whole Serum

Andoy

Filipiak

Vetter

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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Purely electronic diagnostic devices that are sensitive to biomolecules' intrinsic charge present a very attractive platform for point‐of‐care (PoC) applications, since they can operate under label‐free conditions. In this report, a graphene‐based electrolyte‐gated field‐effect transistor is developed as an immunosensor capable of sensitive analyte detection, even in the complex environment of physiological samples. The coimmobilization of an antibody fragment (F(ab′)2) and polyethylene glycol on the graphene surface allows for a highly sensitive and selective detection of a protein analyte, with a limit of detection in the low femtomolar range, both in high ionic strength buffer and undiluted serum. Multiparametric analysis of the device's analyte‐dependent electronic response shows that the mechanism behind this very sensitive detection cannot be explained by a commonly reported electrostatic gating effect. Rather, the observed combination of charge neutrality point shifts and asymmetric mobility changes are attributed to the modulation of scattering by charged impurities, which seem to dominate the device's transfer characteristics. Furthermore, the reproducibility of the normalized signal response obtained from several different devices shows that this graphene‐based immunosensor is capable of direct and quantitative measurements of protein analytes in untreated serum, imperative for diagnostic tools geared toward PoC applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐Based Electronic Immunosensor with Femtomolar Detection Limit in Whole Serum

Andoy

Filipiak

Vetter

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Graphene has been employed in the design of different biosensors of various transduction modes because of its large surface area, electrical conductivity, high electron transfer rate and capacity to immobilize different molecules [ 17 ]. For instance, the conjugated structure of graphene can facilitate the electron transfer between the bioreceptor and transducer, which can generate high signal sensitivity for electrochemical sensors [ 12 , 16 , 18 , 19 ]. Furthermore, graphene-based nanomaterial can act as a quencher in the transducer to generate fluorescent biosensors.…”

Section: Graphene-based Nanomaterials As a Biosensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One ssDNA is labeled with a fluorescent dye, and the other is the complementary DNA corresponding to the target DNA. This method requires optical detection; therefore it takes advantage of the optical quenching property of graphene-based materials to enhance the visualization and detection of the target ssDNA [ 12 ]. The immobilization of the fluorescent-labeled DNA can be carried out by direct adsorption of the DNA probe on the graphene-based surface through the π–π interaction between the ring structure of the DNA bases and the graphene surface.…”

Section: Graphene-based Nanomaterials and Deoxyribonucleic Acid (Dna)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in graphene-based biosensor technology with applications in life sciences

et al. 2018

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Graphene’s unique physical structure, as well as its chemical and electrical properties, make it ideal for use in sensor technologies. In the past years, novel sensing platforms have been proposed with pristine and modified graphene with nanoparticles and polymers. Several of these platforms were used to immobilize biomolecules, such as antibodies, DNA, and enzymes to create highly sensitive and selective biosensors. Strategies to attach these biomolecules onto the surface of graphene have been employed based on its chemical composition. These methods include covalent bonding, such as the coupling of the biomolecules via the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide reactions, and physisorption. In the literature, several detection methods are employed; however, the most common is electrochemical. The main reason for researchers to use this detection approach is because this method is simple, rapid and presents good sensitivity. These biosensors can be particularly useful in life sciences and medicine since in clinical practice, biosensors with high sensitivity and specificity can significantly enhance patient care, early diagnosis of diseases and pathogen detection. In this review, we will present the research conducted with antibodies, DNA molecules and, enzymes to develop biosensors that use graphene and its derivatives as scaffolds to produce effective biosensors able to detect and identify a variety of diseases, pathogens, and biomolecules linked to diseases.

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“…In other study the data obtained with two sets of voltammetric sensors, prepared using different strategies, have been combined in an electronic tongue to evaluate the antioxidant properties of red wines (Cetó, Apetrei, del Valle, & Rodríguez-Méndez, 2014). Furthermore, the purpose of a complex study was to compare the performance characteristics of six different e-tongues applied to well (Compagnone, Di Francia, Di Natale, Neri, Seeber, & Tajani, 2017;Ali, Najeeb, Ali, Aslam, & Raza, 2017;Almeida Silva, Cruz Moraes, Campos Janegitz, Fatibello-Filho, 2017;Chauhan, Maekawa, & Kumar, 2017). An electric signal which can be measured and recorded is produced as a result of the specific interaction between the analyte and the biocomponent.…”

Section: Fig 2 General Scheme Of An Electronic Tongue Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential use of electronic noses, electronic tongues and biosensors as multisensor systems for spoilage examination in foods

Ghasemi‐Varnamkhasti

Apetrei

Lozano

et al. 2018

Trends in Food Science & Technology

144

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Development and use of reliable and precise detecting systems in the food supply chain must be taken into account to ensure the maximum level of food safety and quality for consumers. Spoilage is a challenging concern in food safety considerations as it is a threat to public health and is seriously considered in food hygiene issues accordingly. Although some procedures and detection methods are already available for the determination of spoilage in food products, these traditional methods have some limitations and drawbacks as they are time-consuming, labour intensive and relatively expensive. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of rapid, reliable, precise and non-expensive systems to be used in the food supply and production chain as monitoring devices to detect metabolic alterations in foodstuff. Attention to instrumental detection systems such as electronic noses, electronic tongues and biosensors coupled with chemometric approaches has greatly increased because they have been demonstrated as a promising alternative for the purpose of detecting and monitoring food spoilage. This paper mainly focuses on the recent developments and the application of such multisensor systems in the food industry. Furthermore, the most traditionally methods for food spoilage detection are introduced in this context as well. The challenges and future trends of the potential use of the systems are also discussed. Based on the published literature, encouraging reports demonstrate that such systems are indeed the most promising candidates for the detection and monitoring of spoilage microorganisms in different foodstuff.

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Graphene based biosensors—Accelerating medical diagnostics to new-dimensions

Cited by 123 publications

References 172 publications

Graphene‐Based Electronic Immunosensor with Femtomolar Detection Limit in Whole Serum

Graphene‐Based Electronic Immunosensor with Femtomolar Detection Limit in Whole Serum

Recent advances in graphene-based biosensor technology with applications in life sciences

Potential use of electronic noses, electronic tongues and biosensors as multisensor systems for spoilage examination in foods

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