Graphene-based dual-mode modulators

Yue, Gongcheng; Xing, Zhengkun; Hu, Haofeng; Cheng, Zhenzhou; Lu, Guo-Wei; Liu, Tiegen

doi:10.1364/oe.394409

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Figure 3(b) indicates that with increasing the g, the L increases while the k decreases. Finally, we employed the above optical coefficients obtained to calculate quality (Q) factors [31] and ERs of the MRR, as shown in Figure 3(c) and Figure 3(d). By increasing the g, the Q factors quickly increase first and then become almost saturated.…”

Section: Design and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Dual-Mode Graphene-on-Microring Resonator for Optical Gas Sensing

et al. 2021

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On-chip optical gas sensors, which use resonant shifts of cavities to detect molecular concentrations, have the advantages of high sensitivity, real-time detection, and compact footprint. However, such sensors are usually limited by a serious cross-sensitivity issue induced by environmental temperature variations. To overcome this limitation, we study a dual-mode graphene-on-microring resonator to accurately measure gas concentrations without suffering from temperature variations. To be specific, the influences of gas-induced graphene's optical conductivity changes and environmental temperature variations on effective refractive indices of TE 0 and TE 1 modes in the resonator can be decoupled based on the modal linear independent responses. With this method, we designed a nitrogen dioxide sensor with a sensitivity of 0.02 nm/ppm and a limit of detection of 0.5 ppm. Our study paves the way for developing on-chip optical gas sensors with excellent sensitivity and temperature stability.

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Section: Design and Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Dual-Mode Graphene-on-Microring Resonator for Optical Gas Sensing

et al. 2021

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“…Gate voltage V g is applied to the graphene-SiO 2 spacer-polysilicon parallel plate capacitor to control the conductivity of graphene via the electrostatic doping effect, as illustrated in Figure 1a,b. Especially, graphene supports surface plasmons in terahertz and infrared wavelengths [25], which has a stronger mode confinement and relatively smaller transmission loss than noble metals, with remarkable advantages of active tunability for photonic integrated circuits [26,27]. Note that the polysilicon layer is very thin with a moderate relative permittivity, it only introduces little perturbation on the excited mode profiles compared with those in the same waveguide structure without polysilicon.…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Manipulation of the Spin and Orbital Angular Momentums in a Terahertz Graphene-Based Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide

et al. 2020

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Angular momentums (AMs) of photons are crucial physical properties exploited in many fields such as optical communication, optical imaging, and quantum information processing. However, the active manipulation (generation, switching, and conversion) of AMs of light on a photonic chip remains a challenge. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate a reconfigurable graphene-based hybrid plasmonic waveguide (GHPW) with multiple functions for on-chip AMs manipulation. Its physical mechanism lies in creating a switchable phase delay of ±π/2 between the two orthogonal and decomposed linear-polarized waveguide modes and the spin-orbit coupling in the GHPW. For the linear-polarized input light with a fixed polarization angle of 45°, we can simultaneously switch the chirality (with −ħ/+ħ) of the transverse component and the spirality (topological charge ℓ = −1/+1) of the longitudinal component of the output terahertz (THz) light. With a switchable phase delay of ±π in the GHPW, we also developed the function of simultaneous conversion of the charity and spirality for the circular-polarized input light. In addition, a selective linear polarization filtering with a high extinction ratio can be realized. With the above multiple functions, our proposed GHPWs are a promising platform in AMs generation, switching, conversion, and polarization filtering, which will greatly expand its applications in the THz photonic integrated circuits.

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“…By using state-of-art nanofabrication technology, graphene phase modulators with microring resonators and Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) structures have been experimentally demonstrated [19], [20]. Recently, waveguide-integrated graphene devices have been proposed for the applications of MDM, such as waveguide-integrated spatial mode filters [28] and multi-mode modulators [29], [30]. In such devices, layers of graphene narrow strips (GNSs) of different patterns separated by a thin insulator layer were integrated on the surface of the multimode waveguide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Graphene-Based Waveguide-Integrated Multimode Phase Modulator

et al. 2021

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The on-chip mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is an attractive technique to achieve high-capacity optical transmissions by using a single-wavelength carrier. In traditional schemes, multiple channels with a fundamental mode are modulated by parallel arranged electro-optic modulators and then converted to high-order modes. However, the method is usually limited by large device footprints and high energy consumption. In this work, we study a graphene-based waveguide-integrated multimode phase modulator to individually modulate TE0 and TE1 modes in a multimode waveguide device. To be specific, we designed a single layer of graphene narrow strips (GNSs) integrated on the surface of the multimode waveguide device to selectively introduce contrasting phase shifts to different modes. Based on the optimized waveguide structures, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulator with different GNS patterns on each arm is designed. Our study is promising to be used in the future high-density on-chip MDM systems for optical interconnects and optical networks.

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Graphene-based dual-mode modulators

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Design of a Dual-Mode Graphene-on-Microring Resonator for Optical Gas Sensing

Design of a Dual-Mode Graphene-on-Microring Resonator for Optical Gas Sensing

Active Manipulation of the Spin and Orbital Angular Momentums in a Terahertz Graphene-Based Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide

Design of a Graphene-Based Waveguide-Integrated Multimode Phase Modulator

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