Graphene-based electrochemical sensor for detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in seawater: the comparison of single-, few-, and multilayer graphene nanoribbons and graphite microparticles

Abstract

The detection of explosives in seawater is of great interest. We compared response single-, few-, and multilayer graphene nanoribbons and graphite microparticle-based electrodes toward the electrochemical reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). We optimized parameters such as accumulation time, accumulation potential, and pH. We found that few-layer graphene exhibits about 20% enhanced signal for TNT after accumulation when compared to multilayer graphene nanoribbons. However, graphite microparticle-modified electrode provides higher sensitivity, and there was no significant difference in the performance of single-, few-, and multilayer graphene nanoribbons and graphite microparticles for the electrochemical detection of TNT. We established the limit of detection of TNT in untreated seawater at 1 μg/mL.

Controlled chemistry of tailored graphene nanoribbons for electrochemistry: a rational approach to optimizing molecule detection

“…The electrochemical 5 sensing of model electroactive molecules in the presence of reduced GNR-modified screen-printed electrodes has been shown to display a higher sensitivity compared to the sensitivity of a bare screen-printed electrode 17 . Various GNR-based sensors and biosensors [23][24][25] have been developed for the detection of urea 26 , 10 glucose 27 , 1-hydroxypyrene 28 , cysteine 29 , brevetoxin B 30 , and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene 31,32 . These sensors displayed excellent electrochemical responses in terms of reproducibility, a low detection limit, and a high selectivity in all cases.…”

“Turn-on” Fluorescence Detection of Lead Ions Based on Accelerated Leaching of Gold Nanoparticles on the Surface of Graphene

“…Parameter Optimization. Sensitivity of the fluorescence detection strongly depended on the main experimental parameters including size of GO, concentration of HAuCl 4 , pH, concentration of Na 2 S 2 O 3 , concentration of 2-ME and reaction time. The effects of these parameters had been systematically investigated as follows.…”

“…The fluorescence "turn-on" efficiency was influenced by the total amount of AuNPs on the surface of graphene, which was determined by the concentration of HAuCl 4 . The relationship between the concentration of HAuCl 4 and the relative fluorescence intensity was investigated and the corresponding results were shown in Figure 3A, where F 0 and F were fluorescence intensities at 380 nm in the absence and presence of Pb 2+ ions (1.0 μM), respectively.…”

“…After that, the mixture was heated to 100°C and aged at that temperature for 6 h. Finally, the bulk samples of G-Au NCs could be obtained by centrifugation and washed with deionized water and ethanol for several times. Graphene was synthesized by the similar way without of the HAuCl 4 .…”

Nanomaterials Based Electrochemical Sensing Applications for Safety and Security

“…Some of these s works have been generated by condensed-matter physi-TOPICAL CLUSTER cists who finally have a material that had long been modelled, but had not been believed to exist in a free state [79]. The application of the graphene as a transducer platform are really interesting in several fields such as microbiological detection [15][16][17], detection of pesticides [33,53] and explosive detection [67][68][69][70][71]. Graphene have been used as transducer platform for bacteria detection [15].…”