Graphene-Based Materials in Dental Applications: Antibacterial, Biocompatible, and Bone Regenerative Properties

Abstract

Graphene-based materials have been shown to have advantageous properties in biomedical and dental applications due to their high mechanical, physiochemical, antibacterial, and stem cell differentiating properties. Although graphene-based materials have displayed appropriate biocompatible properties when used in implant materials for orthopedic applications, little research has been performed to specifically test the biocompatibility of graphene for dental applications. The oral environment, compared to the body, varies greatly and must be considered when evaluating biocompatibility requirements for dental applications. This review will discuss in vitro and in vivo studies that assess graphene’s cytotoxicity, antibacterial properties, and cell differentiation ability to evaluate the overall biocompatibility of graphene-based materials for dental applications. Particle shape, size, and concentration were found to be major factors that affected overall biocompatibility of graphene.

The Optical Behavior of Nano Filled Resin Composite Loaded With Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles

“…The base material under the restoration, discolored tooth tissue, integration of additives like metals and metal oxides, or the surrounding environment can all be considered a background of different colors of white, black, brown, or other light trapping materials [50]. As graphene is a 2D allotrope of crystalline carbon with unique optical properties have the objectional color of dark brown [7][8][9][10] also con rmed in the current study and can be considered a dark colored background. With the presence of dark background, the color measurements (CIE ΔL, ΔA and ΔB *) were shifted (From red to green; negative ∆a*, from yellow to blue: negative ∆b*).…”

“…The invention and use of nanomaterials in the dental eld is one of the most notable examples of how nanoscience has substantially helped to the progress of dentistry [5]. Graphene-based materials stand out for their exceptional mechanical properties, antibacterial effect, large surface area, high biological compatibility, and advantageous stem cell differentiation [6,7]. They have several potential applications in dentistry such as tissue engineering, implants, antibacterial materials, drug delivery carriers, photothermal and photodynamic therapies, and biosensors.…”

Graphene as a promising material in orthodontics: A review

“…[ 27 ] Also, the antibacterial property of graphene material can be enhanced by surface modification with antibiotics, enzymes, metal ions/oxide, or polymers. [ 5 11 33 ] Therefore, graphene oxide has higher antibacterial properties when compared to other graphene materials as they possess more functional groups. [ 41 42 ]…”

“…Following their isolation in 2004, graphene and its derivatives have become a promising material for biomaterial research,[ 11 ] and the unique physical and chemical properties of graphene-based materials[ 12 ] attract their dental application. [ 13 ] They have been investigated in many fields and excessively researched for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and cancer treatment.…”

The optical behavior of nano filled resin composite loaded with graphene oxide nanoparticles

“…Graphene-based materials stand out for their exceptional mechanical properties, antibacterial effect, large surface area, high biological compatibility, and advantageous stem cell differentiation [ 9 , 10 ]. Graphene is a carbon-based plate structure; a single atomic sheet of sp2 (S, Px, Py)-hybridized carbon atoms with a honeycomb lattice arrangement that makes up Graphene the world’s thinnest and strongest substance [ 11 – 13 ].…”