Graphene-based solitons for spatial division multiplexed switching

Abstract

Photonic waveguides are the basis for monolithic integrated photonic devices [6][7][8][9]. The shape and area of the waveguide cross-section defines the modes that are able to propagate in the waveguide, and the cross-section of the waveguide is a directionally dependent property of the waveguide [10][11][12]. When waveguides cross each other orthogonally, some amount of light from one waveguide will cross couple to the other [13]. Such crosstalk is due to

Channel resolution enhancement through scalability of nano/micro-scale thickness and width of SU-8 polymer based optical channels using UV lithography

“…From the aforementioned results, the inference can be drawn that the critical parameters of a standard photo lithography including the percentage of dilute photoresist SU- MHz. The ability to control photolithography accuractly enables a varity of novel nanoph integrated nanophotonic devices and circuits to include light sources and emitters [24][25][26], reconfigurable switches and modulators [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], surface-sensitive devices [35], and application in on-chip data communication [36,37] ideally with nanoscale footprint for high electro-optic device efficiencies [38,39]…”

“…The results of this study suggest that the nano-thickness channels with acceptable rectangular shape can be fabricated by applying 20% diluted SU-8 coated over the silicon substrate and coating it with spinning at the speed of 5000 rpm, pre-and post-soft baking steps of 65˚c and 95˚c, over the duration of one minute for each step of baking, exposing of the photomask with power dosage of 25.5 mW /cm 2 with span time of 12 seconds and finally developing the sample by the SU-8 solvent over 12 seconds at the constant vibration with frequency of 2 MHz. The ability to control photolithography accuractly enables a varity of novel nanoph integrated nanophotonic devices and circuits to include light sources and emitters [24][25][26], reconfigurable switches and modulators [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], surface-sensitive devices [35], and application in on-chip data communication [36,37] ideally with nanoscale footprint for high electro-optic device efficiencies [38,39]…”

Manipulating of nanometer spacing dual-wavelength by controlling the apodized grating depth in microring resonators

“…The different profile of the grating will affect the outputs of the coupled MRRs, and consequently, will varies the spacing between the two center wavelengths in a dualwavelength. Spectral tunability of cavities is an enabling functionality for next generation integrated nanophotonic devices and circuits to include light sources and emitters [49][50][51], reconfigurable switches and modulators [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59], surface-sensitive devices [60], and application in on-chip data communication [61,62] ideally with nanoscale footprint for high electro-optic device efficiencies [63,64]. For instance, the MRRs either can therefore be used as sensor devices based on an evanescent wave interacting with the surrounding cladding of the system made of semiconductors or be used to generate millimeter wave used in optical communications [61,62].…”

2D materials in electro-optic modulation: energy efficiency, electrostatics, mode overlap, material transfer and integration

“…Lastly, we demonstrated a path towards a deterministic, and cross-contamination free transfer method for 2D materials, resembling printer functionality. This enables higher levels of 2D integration into on-chip photonic waveguiding systems [13] by way of hybrid co-integration [14][15][16][17][18] of passive silicon photonics with active 2D material functionality [19,20].…”