Graphene Bioelectronic Nose for the Detection of Odorants with Human Olfactory Receptor 2AG1

Goodwin, David; Walters, Ffion; Ali, Muhammad Munem; Ahmadi, E.; Guy, Owen J.

doi:10.3390/chemosensors9070174

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Biological or biomimetic receptor components, such as whole animals, [ 31 ] insect tentacles, [ 32 ] ORs, [ 33 ] odorant‐binding protein (OBP), [ 34 ] peptides, [ 35 ] olfactory cells and tissues, [ 36 ] molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), [ 37 ] as the element of the biosensors, allow a significant improvement of selectivity and specificity with simultaneous reduction of the problems associated with cross‐reactivity and complex sample matrix. The secondary transducers are non‐biological devices, which are used to convert and amplify biological signals.…”

Section: Development Of Bioelectronic Nosementioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Olfactory Biohybrid System: An Evolving Sense of Smell

Qin

Wang

et al. 2022

Advanced Science

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The olfactory system can detect and recognize tens of thousands of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at low concentrations in complex environments. Bioelectronic nose (B-EN), which mimics olfactory systems, is becoming an emerging sensing technology for identifying VOCs with sensitivity and specificity. B-ENs integrate electronic sensors with bioreceptors and pattern recognition technologies to enable medical diagnosis, public security, environmental monitoring, and food safety. However, there is currently no commercially available B-EN on the market. Apart from the high selectivity and sensitivity necessary for volatile organic compound analysis, commercial B-ENs must overcome issues impacting sensor operation and other problems associated with odor localization. The emergence of nanotechnology has provided a novel research concept for addressing these problems. In this work, the structure and operational mechanisms of biomimetic olfactory systems are discussed, with an emphasis on the development and immobilization of materials. Various biosensor applications and current developments are reviewed. Challenges and opportunities for fulfilling the potential of artificial olfactory biohybrid systems in fundamental and practical research are investigated in greater depth.

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Section: Development Of Bioelectronic Nosementioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Olfactory Biohybrid System: An Evolving Sense of Smell

Qin

Wang

et al. 2022

Advanced Science

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“…However, membrane receptors suffer from poor water solubility that requires arduous and nontransferable efforts for synthesis and stabilization in aqueous environments, while additives like detergents may further decrease the signal-to-noise ratio during electrical sensing (8,9). Despite a few reports on receptor integrations in biosensing (10)(11)(12)(13), the lack of generality hinders their widespread use beyond lab benches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable biomimetic sensing system with membrane receptor dual-monolayer probe and graphene transistor arrays

et al. 2023

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Affinity-based biosensing can enable point-of-care diagnostics and continuous health monitoring, which commonly follows bottom-up approaches and is inherently constrained by bioprobes’ intrinsic properties, batch-to-batch consistency, and stability in biofluids. We present a biomimetic top-down platform to circumvent such difficulties by combining a “dual-monolayer” biorecognition construct with graphene-based field-effect-transistor arrays. The construct adopts redesigned water-soluble membrane receptors as specific sensing units, positioned by two-dimensional crystalline S-layer proteins as dense antifouling linkers guiding their orientations. Hundreds of transistors provide statistical significance from transduced signals. System feasibility was demonstrated with rSbpA-ZZ/CXCR4 QTY -Fc combination. Nature-like specific interactions were achieved toward CXCL12 ligand and HIV coat glycoprotein in physiologically relevant concentrations, without notable sensitivity loss in 100% human serum. The construct is regeneratable by acidic buffer, allowing device reuse and functional tuning. The modular and generalizable architecture behaves similarly to natural systems but gives electrical outputs, which enables fabrication of multiplex sensors with tailored receptor panels for designated diagnostic purposes.

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“…Biomolecules, with their excellent specificity, described with a “lock-and-key”, such as enzyme–substrate, antigen–antibody, and ligand–receptor mutual discrimination and specific reactions, provide a new paradigm for designing high-specific and high-sensitivity gas sensors. Nowadays, biomaterials include specific enzymes [ 4 ], insect antennae [ 5 ], odor-binding proteins [ 6 ], olfactory receptors [ 7 ], and sensitive peptides [ 8 ]. Based on the physiological properties of these biomaterials, highly sensitive and specific gas analysis is performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Construction of Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Gas Sensors

Zhang,

Chen,

Xing

et al. 2023

Molecules

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The demand for the ubiquitous detection of gases in complex environments is driving the design of highly specific gas sensors for the development of the Internet of Things, such as indoor air quality testing, human exhaled disease detection, monitoring gas emissions, etc. The interaction between analytes and bioreceptors can described as a “lock-and-key”, in which the specific catalysis between enzymes and gas molecules provides a new paradigm for the construction of high-sensitivity and -specificity gas sensors. The electrochemical method has been widely used in gas detection and in the design and construction of enzyme-based electrochemical gas sensors, in which the specificity of an enzyme to a substrate is determined by a specific functional domain or recognition interface, which is the active site of the enzyme that can specifically catalyze the gas reaction, and the electrode–solution interface, where the chemical reaction occurs, respectively. As a result, the engineering design of the enzyme electrode interface is crucial in the process of designing and constructing enzyme-based electrochemical gas sensors. In this review, we summarize the design of enzyme-based electrochemical gas sensors. We particularly focus on the main concepts of enzyme electrodes and the selection and design of materials, as well as the immobilization of enzymes and construction methods. Furthermore, we discuss the fundamental factors that affect electron transfer at the enzyme electrode interface for electrochemical gas sensors and the challenges and opportunities related to the design and construction of these sensors.

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Graphene Bioelectronic Nose for the Detection of Odorants with Human Olfactory Receptor 2AG1

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Artificial Olfactory Biohybrid System: An Evolving Sense of Smell

Artificial Olfactory Biohybrid System: An Evolving Sense of Smell

Scalable biomimetic sensing system with membrane receptor dual-monolayer probe and graphene transistor arrays

Design and Construction of Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Gas Sensors

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