Graphene deposited liquid crystal and thermal sensitivity using photonic crystals

Abstract

In this work, we present a simple design to act as a temperature sensor based on the well-known one dimensional photonic crystal. The main idea of the proposed sensor is essentially depending on the inclusion a defect layer of graphene monolayers deposited on nematic liquid crystal through the photonic crystal. The transfers matrix method, Kubo-Formula, and fitting experimental data represent the core axes of our theoretical treatment. Here, our design is prepared to sense temperature based on the shift of the resonant peak with the temperature variation. The performance of such sensor is demonstrated by calculating the sensitivity, figure of merit, detection limit, sensor resolution and the quality factor. The effect of the thickness of the defect layer and the mode of polarization as well on the performance of our sensor is investigated. The numerical results show that our sensor could be of interest in many fields of application due to the high values of its sensitivity and quality factor. The proposed sensor could provide a sensitivity of 4 nm °C−1 and quality factor up to 11000.

Transmittance properties of one-dimensional metamaterial nanocomposite photonic crystal in GHz range

“…Furthermore, as the thickness of the MM layer is increased to 60 mm, this PBG is extended to the lower frequencies and the band width is decreased to 1.09 GHz as shown in Fig. 6 D. Consequently, the variations in the MM layer thickness result in different responses for the incident EMW path lengths and the transmittance values 56 . In addition, a new PBG is formed at higher frequencies and its width grows progressively to 0.84 GHz as the thickness is increased to d1 = 60 mm, as seen in Fig.…”

“…6 B,C at d1 = 40 mm and at d1 = 50 mm, respectively with appearing a new PBG. Moreover, this PBG is shifted to the lower frequencies because it is shifted to the higher wavelengths with increasing the thickness according to the following equation 56 : where denotes a refractive index of a layer, is the thickness of a layer, is the incident angle, is the wavelength, and is the phase condition. Furthermore, as the thickness of the MM layer is increased to 60 mm, this PBG is extended to the lower frequencies and the band width is decreased to 1.09 GHz as shown in Fig.…”

One-dimentional periodic structure infiltrated by (PVA/CV + CF)-polymer for high-performance sensitivity

“…The transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to determine the optical properties of the presnt structure (transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance spectra) because of electromagnetic waves interaction with our structure. Many previous studies have investigated the details of TMM (Elsayed et al 2021;Sayed et al 2022;Zaky and Aly 2021;Aly et al 2022;Abadla et al 2021;El-Shemy et al 2022;Mehaney et al 2019;Mehaney 2019). The following matrix (M) represents the total transfer matrix for the proposed structure with the number of periods (N 1 ) of PSi 1 and PSi 2 -layers:…”

“…The final type is based on photonic crystal fiber and Bragg gratings structures (Baccini, et al 2019). Photonic crystals (PhCs) have recently gained prominence in a variety of applications such as optical fibers, sensors, and biomedical devices (Entezam et al 2016;Elsayed et al 2021;Sayed et al 2022). Photonic band gaps (PBGs) are a key and unique feature of PhCs that prevent light from propagating at particular frequency intervals, which come from destructive interference of the PhC's constituent materials.…”

“…Polymers, metals, semiconductors, liquid crystals, superconductors, metamaterials, and dielectrics are all utilized in the design of PhCs (Hadi Al-kadhemy et al 2014;Elsayed et al 2021;Wu 2021;Iwamoto et al 2021;Park et al 2021). The incorporation of porous silicon (PSi) layers in PhCs as a novel sensor design to improve sensitivity is the focus of recent research (Ivanov et al 2022;Van 2022).…”