Graphene-Doped Hydrogels Promoting Ionic Conductivity in Gel-Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Batteries

Abstract

In this study, the impact of graphene-doped poly­(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels on gel-valve-regulated lead acid batteries was examined. The gel formulations were made by adding various amounts of graphene into the gel system comprising poly­(vinyl alcohol) and sulfuric acid. Gel formulations were subjected to an ionic conductivity study and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to understand ionic mobility and material interaction, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) were utilized to find the optimized amount of graphene in gel formulations. Galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) techniques were employed on a battery comprising an optimized gel electrolyte. The battery exhibited a discharge capacity of 12.82 mAh at a current density of 15 mA cm–2. After 500 prolonged cycles, the battery displayed a discharge capacity of 87% at 25 mA cm–2 current density, indicating that graphene-doped hydrogels can be a promising gel electrolyte for lead acid batteries.

Unleashing the electrochemical performance of zirconia nanoparticles on valve-regulated lead acid battery

“…The key peaks of PVA were observed at 3365, 2958 and 1642 cm −1 . These peaks are allotted to the O–H stretching vibration of the hydroxy group, CH 2 asymmetric stretching vibration, and C O carbonyl stretch, respectively [ [33] , [34] , [35] ]. The bands at 1160 and 1041 cm −1 are designated for C–O stretching of acetyl groups [ 36 ].…”

Fabrication of Flexible Films for Supercapacitors Using Halloysite Nano-Clay Incorporated Poly(lactic acid)

“…Figure 5a illustrates the Nyquist plot for the 2 wt% HNC/PLA (F-2) film. In the plot, the real part of the impedance is plotted on the x-axis and the imaginary part of the impedance is plotted on the y-axis [41]. For fitting, we used ZsimpWin 3.21 software and analyzed different impedance parameters using equivalent circuit model Rs(Q(R 1 (CdlRct))), where R, Q, and Cdl represent resistance, constant phase element, and electrical double-layer capacitance, respectively.…”