We
present a new methodology that enables studies of the molecular
structure of graphene–liquid interfaces with nanoscale spatial
resolution. It is based on Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy
(nano-FTIR), where the infrared (IR) field is plasmonically enhanced
near the tip apex of an atomic force microscope (AFM). The graphene
seals a liquid electrolyte reservoir while acting also as a working
electrode. The photon transparency of graphene enables IR spectroscopy
studies of its interface with liquids, including water, propylene
carbonate, and aqueous ammonium sulfate electrolyte solutions. We
illustrate the method by comparing IR spectra obtained by nano-FTIR
and attenuated total reflection (which has a detection depth of a
few microns) demonstrating that the nano-FTIR method makes it possible
to determine changes in speciation and ion concentration in the electric
double and diffuse layers as a function of bias.