Graphene–Gold Nanostructures Hybrid Composites Screen-Printed Electrode for the Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Vancomycin

Abstract

The most important and well-known glycopeptide antibiotic, vancomycin (VAN), is used for the treatment of severe bacterial infections like methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections and endocarditis caused by enterococci and sepsis. Taking into account the problem of the development of antibiotic resistance as well as its toxicity, both correlated with the VAN concentration (CVAN) in biological samples, there is need for better and more accessible quantification methods for this antibiotic. Considering all of the above, herein, we present a simple electrochemical method for VAN sensing based on a hybrid graphene-gold nanostructure nanocomposite electrode, which allows double detection directly in the oxidation domain and also indirectly, in reduction, using the electro-active gold nanostructures as a probe to monitor the current changing due to the interaction between gold and VAN. The developed method was able to successfully detect VAN in the linear range of 1–100 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.29 µM for the direct approach and 0.5 µM for the indirect one. The selectivity of the method was tested in the presence of other antibiotics and drugs. This method was successfully applied for the detection of VAN from human serum samples.

Metal–Organic Framework-Based Composites for the Detection and Monitoring of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Biological and Environmental Matrices

“…Blidar et al presented VAN sensing based on graphene-gold nanocomposites. VAN is directly detected in the oxidation domain while indirectly via reduction with a 0.29 µM of DL (Blidar et al, 2019 ). Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles were also reported for the detection of VAN by using vinylferrocene and ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate in varying quantities and characterized by CV.…”

Cobalt-modulated dual emission carbon dots for ratiometric fluorescent vancomycin detection

“…2 Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin is necessary. Various analytical methods, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [8][9][10] electrochemical detection, 11,12 immunoassay, 13,14 UV-vis spectrophotometric 15,16 and uorometric methods [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] have been employed to quantify vancomycin in biological samples.…”