Graphene nanoflakes on transparent glass electrode sensor for electrochemical sensing of anti-diabetic drug

Abstract

Metformin (Mf) plays a major role in controlling insulin level of individuals at risk of developing diabetes mellitus. Overdose of Mf can cause lactic acidosis, diarrhoea, cough, or hoarseness, etc. These particulars point out the identification for selective and sensitive methods of Mf determination. In the present work, graphene nanoflakes-polymethylene blue (GNF-PMB) nano-composites were developed onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO/F) coated glass substrates for electrochemical sensing of Mf using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The developed sensor shows quick response time (10 s), linearity as 10-10 µM, LOD (0.1 nM), and good shelf life (10 weeks). Attempts have been made to utilize this electrode for estimation of Mf in urine samples. Configured as a highly responsive, reproducible Mf sensor, it combines the electrical properties of GNF and stable electron transfer of PMB. The newly developed Mf sensor presents a promising candidate in point-of-care diagnosis.

Electrochemical impedimetric analysis of different dimensional (0D–2D) carbon nanomaterials for effective biosensing of L-tyrosine

“…The resulting modified electrodes were left to dry at room temperature for 30 min. The coating of working-microelectrodes using SWCNT, graphene and GQDs was performed using physical adsorption method as reported in some previous studies, which have yielded significantly desirable sensing performance [24][25][26]. Even though the common practice of nanomaterial coating onto working electrodes involves surface functionalization by covalent linking, the simple physical adsorption method has also been proven equally suitable for sensing applications, due to simplicity in electrode fabrication and substantial cost reduction in sensor development.…”

A rapid, simple and ultrasensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the direct detection of metformin in real samples based on a nanoquenching approach

“…These include capillary electrophoresis (CE), [ 8,9 ] spectroscopic methods, [ 10,11 ] high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [ 12–19 ] high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS), [ 20 ] liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), [ 21 ] gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) [ 22 ] and electrochemical methods. [ 23–26 ] Although most of these methods are accurate and provide good sensitivity and selectivity for MET determinations, they suffer from some disadvantages, particularly in comparison with fluorimetric methods. These include high‐priced and specialized equipment, laborious sample pretreatment and tedious operation procedures, a time‐consuming nature, need for expert and skilled personnel, and damaging chemical reagents.…”

Antidiabetic Drug Metformin Oxidation andin situInteraction with dsDNA Using a dsDNA‐electrochemical Biosensor

“…The quantification of MET concentration is of interest both preclinical, and clinical, in monitoring diabetic patients therapeutic drugs, in order to prevent toxicity, and to guarantee patient adherence to drug prescription . Different strategies have been developed to determine MET, among them stand out conductometry , gas chromatography coupled to different detectors , high performance liquid chromatography coupled to different detectors , electrophoresis , electrochemistry , UV‐Vis , infrared , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , and solid phase extraction . The electroanalytical methods can present many advantages, such as lower reagent consumption, shorter analysis time, lower instrumentation cost, no separation and extraction process, and the use of low toxicity reagents.…”